Spanish American War and the Growth of Imperialism AP U.S. History

Warm Up #4: Foreign Policy 1.Under what circumstances did the United States annex the Philippines? 2.What general motivations or objectives underlay America’s varied diplomatic involvement in Asia and Latin America in the early years of the 20 th century? 1.Latin America pg China pg Japan pg China and Nicaragua pg Latin America pg 652

I. The Need to Expand Overseas A.National Greatness! An Empire! B.Sea Power. The U.S. Navy. C.A need for foreign markets – consumers. D.A need for investment in foreign markets – producers E.Develop positive trade relations with other nations F.Spread democratic values and Christianity to “weaker races”

Speak Softly and Carry a Big Sticks

II. The Spanish American War, 1898 A.Economic interests in Cuba, sugar plantations, became threatened when Cuba began to rebel against Spain for its independence. B.Americans became concerned over the destruction of its $50 M investment in Cuban sugar. $100 M in business.

II.The U.S.S. Maine Incident, February 15, 1898 A.The U.S.S. Maine was stationed in Havana Harbor to protect American citizens and property. The explosion killed 250 Americans. B.As a result of economic pressures, President McKinley declared war against Spain in April, 1898.

Yellow Journalism A.Joseph Pulitzer and W. R. Hearst exaggerate the war through their magazines. B.Increased popular sentiment against Spain. C.Helped create a climate for war.

YELLOWYELLOW JOURNALISMJOURNALISM

What exaggerated Images do you see in this Magazine photo? What current or recent images does this remind you of?

The War Against Spain... In Cuba

IV.War Moves to Cuba A.The Rough Riders, led by Theodore Roosevelt, was an important regiment in the defeat of Spain. B.Known as the “Splendid Little War.” Lasted only 4 months. Ended July, 1898.

Charging San Juan Hill, Cuba

Roosevelt’s Rough Riders

The Spanish American War in the Philippines A.May 1, 1898, the entire Spanish fleet was destroyed in Manila. B.Surrendered on August 13. C.Treaty of Paris ended the war, secured Cuban independence. D.Philippines Insurrection – were promised independence, but then were denied.

The P H I L I P I N E S

Entire Spanish Fleet Destroyed by Commodore’s Perry Asiatic Squadron

V. The U.S. Emerges as a World Power A.As a result of the victory, the U.S. gained Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. B.In Cuba, the U.S. set up a military government, limited Cuba’s foreign interaction, and gave the U.S. the right to establish naval stations there. C.Known as the Platt Amendment.

Other Foreign Policy Adventures A.China – The Open Door Policy 1. Opened China’s markets to all nations and guaranteed equal opportunity for trade. B.Panama Canal 1. Roosevelt used executive power to engineer the Panama Canal U.S. gains control of the canal zone construction begins, 1914 construction complete

Location of the Panama Canal

“The canal was by far the most important action I took in foreign affairs during the time I was President. When nobody could or would exercise efficient authority, I exercised it.” – T. Roosevelt

The Panama Canal

How the Panama Canal Works