Rise of England, 16th-17th c. Military conflicts Reformation in England Economic/mercantile growth Decline of Spain.

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Presentation transcript:

Rise of England, 16th-17th c. Military conflicts Reformation in England Economic/mercantile growth Decline of Spain

Quelling internal revolts Subduing Welsh during reign of Henry VIII (r ) Nine Years’ War ( ) Elizabeth I (r ) 1603 James VI Stuart of Scotland becomes king of England (James I, r )

Map Link: The British Isles, : < _1603_1688.jpg_1603_1688.jpg>

Spanish Armada, 1588 Philip II of Spain (r ) 1554 Philip II marries Mary I (r ) 1570s Philip loses patience with Elizabeth 1585 English support Dutch rebellion. English also supporting French Huguenots

7th Feb 1587 Elizabeth executes Mary, Queen of Scots Apr 1587 Sir Francis Drake (c ) burns Spanish ships at Cadiz “Singeing of the King of Spain’s Beard” May 1588 Armada sets out for England “I know I have the body of a weak, feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too.”

Map Link: Routes of the Spanish Armada: < 0/0f/Routes_of_the_Spanish_Armada.gif/329px-Routes _of_the_Spanish_Armada.gif_of_the_Spanish_Armada.gif>

Edward VI (r ) English Bible of William Tyndale ( ) and Miles Coverdale ( ) Book of Common Prayer, by Thomas Cranmer (d. 1556)

Mary I (“Bloody Mary”, r ) 17th Nov 1558 Death of Mary Elizabeth I (r ): “Supreme governor of the realm in all things ecclesiastical and temporal” (Act of Supremacy, 1559)

Act of Uniformity, 1559 Sacraments: Eucharist and Baptism Marriage for clergy System of bishops, and elaborate church ritual Salvation by faith over works

Calvinist Protestants (Puritans) 1570 Pope Pius V (p ) excommunicates Elizabeth, with no significant effect Nationalism trumping religion? 1603 Accession of James I King James Bible “The wisest fool in Christendom”

Economic and Mercantile Growth: Improved agriculture and use of natural resources Developing exports, especially textiles Exploring new markets: Sir Francis Drake, Sir Walter Raleigh ( )

Establishment of colony at Roanoke 1620 Puritans settle at Plymouth, Mass. Displacing First Nations

1560s Dutch resistance to Spanish rulers 1572 Dutch rebel against Spanish 1579 Formation of Dutch United Provinces 1585 English support Dutch Map Link: The Netherlands, : < Northern_Netherlands_map_002.jpgNorthern_Netherlands_map_002.jpg>.

1609 Peace between Dutch and Spain 1621 War breaks out again 1648 Spanish recognise Dutch independence at Peace of Westphalia

Decline of Spain in late 16th/early 17th c. Expenses outweighing income Neglect of agricultural development Lack of development of colonies Rebellions against taxes in Portugal and Catalonia Losing territories: Dutch United Provinces (1648), Portugal (1668), Franche-Comté (Burgundy, 1678), others