Religious Wars and State Building Oh you Protestants, what have you done…

King Francis I and King Henry II of France (early and mid 1500’s)- strong monarchy with Catholic church help Very modern state- civil servants, road construction, and fantastic tax revenues to build… Catherine de Medici, Queen of France (and wife of Henry II) dominated the throne held by her three weak sons France grew in Calvinism- what people were drawn to it? Huguenots (French protestants) Religious Wars and Civil War in France

So, as mentioned France became a strong monarchy- who would not benefit? Therefore who became Huguenots? 1572 Marriage between Henry of Navarre (protestant) and King Charles IX’s sister (Catholic)- political compromise August St. Bartholomew’s Day- many powerful people in Paris for the wedding- SLAUGHTERED by the monarchy Religious Wars and Civil War in France

Protestants responded in kind- terrible Civil War 15 years of violence- agriculture and manufacturing devastated- chaos prevailed 1589 after a few assassinations (ya know just a few) Henry IV become King…which religion is he? Machiavallian- wished for peace despite his faith- state needs to be centralized and strong- what do you think he did? 1593 Civil War is over 1598 Edict of Nantes

Catholic Spain 1550’s to about 1600 Spain is the major Western Empire, wealthy, artistic, and Catholic The revival of Catholicism- the church became central to the life of every family, as represented by Philip- live, govern and pray Economy solely dependent on silver and gold from the New World (and slaves to extract it) Do you know what happens when your entire economy is reliant on one resource….

Revolt in the Netherlands Spanish problems- French, English and the Dutch Spain inherited the Netherlands (which was 17 different provinces) Northern Netherland Provinces were protestant (Calvinists)- each province had its own autonomy (commerce, similar to the Italian States) Taxation- went to Spain- nobles worried about losing power to central monarchy (Philip) William of Orange (William the Silent) riots- Catholic imagery destroyed

Phillip sent in the Duke of Alba (Inquisition leader)…uhoh The Council of Blood- quelled the rebellion but strengthened the resistance 1576 William of Orange united all seventeen provinces- respect freedom of religion- demand Spain withdraw 1579 Philip convinced the ten Flemish speaking provinces to make peace Southern Netherlands followed Spain and was Catholic, North followed William and were protestant- Philip was distracted by another enemy Revolt in the Netherlands

England Elizabeth I , daughter of Henry VIII England was ruled by Mary Tudor, who was Catholic…and guess whose wife? Elizabeth created a new act proclaiming that she was the only supreme governor of this realm- she created a moderate Protestantism Puritans, Catholic were the enemy Puritans- protestants, highly influenced by Calvin

England 1570 Pope Pius…he doesn’t like her- excommunicates Elizabeth England began to support protestant movements- they supported French Huguenots and sent troops to help William of Orange Philip is so annoyed by the Dutch that he decides to attack England due to their support Spanish Armada- 130 ships, 27, 000 troops, 2, 431 pieces of artillery They arrived July 30 th met the English Navy, which was full of Pirates- then came the “Protestant Wind” The Spanish ships broke up- only 1/3 returned to Spain

Hurray, no more war- England can be strong and so can Spain….wrong Textbook Political, Economic, Territorial and Religious consequences of the 30 years war Page 64 Map