Prof. Ravindra Gaikwad Department Of Geography S. N. Arts, D. J. M. Commerce & B.N.S. Science College Sangamner – 422605 Contemporary Issues & Geography.

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Presentation transcript:

Prof. Ravindra Gaikwad Department Of Geography S. N. Arts, D. J. M. Commerce & B.N.S. Science College Sangamner – Contemporary Issues & Geography Economic Issues ID- Phone Prof. Ravindra Gaikwad Department Of Geography S. N. Arts, D. J. M. Commerce & B.N.S. Science College Sangamner – Contemporary Issues & Geography Economic Issues ID- Phone

ããØããä¦ããä‡ãŠ‡ãŠÀ¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¶ã Globalization & Libralization ‚ã£ãîãä¶ã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãßã¦ã 1970 ¶ãâ¦ãÀ ããØããä¦ã‡ãŠãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ìã „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÊãã ÔãìÁÌãã¦ã ¢ããÊããè. ºãÖìÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠâ¹ã¶¾ãã ‚ã½ãñãäÀ‡ãñŠÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ¼ããÌããŒããÊããèÊã ‚ããâ¦ãÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ¶ãã¥ãñ ãä¶ã£ããè ( IMF)¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ãã£¾ã½ãã¦ãî¶ã ‡ãŠãÃ ªñ¦ãã¶ãã Êããª¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¥ããÅ¾ãã ‚ã›ãè¦ãî¶ã „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞããè ‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ ÔãìÁ ¢ããÊããè. ‚ã£ãîãä¶ã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãßã¦ã 1970 ¶ãâ¦ãÀ ããØããä¦ã‡ãŠãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ìã „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÊãã ÔãìÁÌãã¦ã ¢ããÊããè. ºãÖìÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠâ¹ã¶¾ãã ‚ã½ãñãäÀ‡ãñŠÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆ¼ããÌããŒããÊããèÊã ‚ããâ¦ãÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ¶ãã¥ãñ ãä¶ã£ããè ( IMF)¾ããâÞ¾ãã ½ãã£¾ã½ãã¦ãî¶ã ‡ãŠãÃ ªñ¦ãã¶ãã Êããª¥¾ãã¦ã ¾ãñ¥ããÅ¾ãã ‚ã›ãè¦ãî¶ã „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞããè ‡ãŠãÀÌããƒÃ ÔãìÁ ¢ããÊããè.

ããØããä¦ããä‡ãŠ‡ãŠÀ¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¶ã Globalization & Libralization ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠããè¶ãñ 24 ãîÊãõ 1991 ½ã£¾ãñ ¶ãÌããè¶ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ £ããñÀ¥ã ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÁ¶ã ºããããÀããä£ããäÓŸ¦ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ £ããñÀ¶ã ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀÊãñ ¦ãòÌÖã¹ããÔãî¶ã ŒãÅ¾ãã ‚ã©ãÃ¶ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ãã¦ã ŒããããäØã‡ãŠÀ¥ã, „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ìã ããØããä¦ããä‡ãŠ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÔã ÔãìÁÌãã¦ã ¢ããÊããè.

ããØããä¦ããä‡ãŠ‡ãŠÀ¶ã Globalization “ ªñÍããÞ¾ãã Àãã‡ãŠãè¾ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¼ããõØããñãäÊã‡ãŠ Ôããè½ãã ÀñÓãã ‚ããñÊããâ¡î¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ãã¥ããÀñ ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀ ½Ö¥ããñ ããØããä¦ããä‡ãŠ‡ãŠÀ¥ã Öãñ¾ã. ” ããØããä¦ããä‡ãŠ‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¦ã ‚ããõ²ããñãäØã‡ãŠ „¦¹ããª¶ãñ, Íãñ¦ã½ããÊã, Øãìâ¦ãÌã¥ãî‡ãŠ, ¼ããâ¡ÌãÊã, ÀãñãØããÀ, Ñã½ã, ºããõãä£ã‡ãŠ Ôãâ¹ã¦¦ããè ƒ. ªñÍããÞ¾ãã Ôããè½ãã ‚ããñÊãã¡î¶ã ªìÔãÅ¾ãã ªñÍãã¦ã ãã¦ãã¦ã ¦¾ããÌãÀ ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÞãñ ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ããÖãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ã¨ãâ¥ã ¶ãÔã¦ãñ. “ ªñÍããÞ¾ãã Àãã‡ãŠãè¾ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¼ããõØããñãäÊã‡ãŠ Ôããè½ãã ÀñÓãã ‚ããñÊããâ¡î¶ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ãã¥ããÀñ ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀ ½Ö¥ããñ ããØããä¦ããä‡ãŠ‡ãŠÀ¥ã Öãñ¾ã. ” ããØããä¦ããä‡ãŠ‡ãŠÀ¥ãã¦ã ‚ããõ²ããñãäØã‡ãŠ „¦¹ããª¶ãñ, Íãñ¦ã½ããÊã, Øãìâ¦ãÌã¥ãî‡ãŠ, ¼ããâ¡ÌãÊã, ÀãñãØããÀ, Ñã½ã, ºããõãä£ã‡ãŠ Ôãâ¹ã¦¦ããè ƒ. ªñÍããÞ¾ãã Ôããè½ãã ‚ããñÊãã¡î¶ã ªìÔãÅ¾ãã ªñÍãã¦ã ãã¦ãã¦ã ¦¾ããÌãÀ ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÞãñ ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ããÖãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ã¨ãâ¥ã ¶ãÔã¦ãñ.

½ãì‡ã‹¦ã Ì¾ã¹ãÀ £ããñÀ¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãäÔã¦ã ªñÍããâ¡î¶ã ãäÌã‡ãŠÔã¶ãÍããèÊã ªñÍããâ‡ãŠ¡ñ Öãñ¥ããÀñ ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ Ôãâ‰ãŠ½ã¥ã ÌããÖ¦ãî‡ãŠ Ìã ªß¥ãÌãß¥ã àãñ¨ãã¦ããèÊã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã¹ãÆ¦ãñ‡ãŠ ªñÍãã¶ãñ Ì¾ãã¹ããÀãÔããŸãè ŒãìÊ¾ãã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã Ôããè½ãã ºãÖìÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãâŠ¹ã¶¾ããâÞãã ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀ ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀãè ½ãª¦ã ½ãì‡ã‹¦ã Ì¾ã¹ãÀ £ããñÀ¥ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãäÔã¦ã ªñÍããâ¡î¶ã ãäÌã‡ãŠÔã¶ãÍããèÊã ªñÍããâ‡ãŠ¡ñ Öãñ¥ããÀñ ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ Ôãâ‰ãŠ½ã¥ã ÌããÖ¦ãî‡ãŠ Ìã ªß¥ãÌãß¥ã àãñ¨ãã¦ããèÊã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã¹ãÆ¦ãñ‡ãŠ ªñÍãã¶ãñ Ì¾ãã¹ããÀãÔããŸãè ŒãìÊ¾ãã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊ¾ãã Ôããè½ãã ºãÖìÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãâŠ¹ã¶¾ããâÞãã ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀ ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀãè ½ãª¦ã ããØããä¦ããä‡ãŠ‡ãŠÀ¶ããÞãñ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ Causes of Globalization

ÞããØãÊãñ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ½ããØããÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ªñÍããâ¶ãã ¶ãÌããè¶ã ¦ãâ¨ã—ãã¶ããÞãã Êãã¼ã ºãããã¹ãñŸãâÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ‚ããõ²ããñãäØã‡ãŠ àãñ¨ãã¦ã ¹ãÆØã¦ããè ÔããâÔ‡ãðŠ¦ããè‡ãŠ ªñÌãã¥ã - ÜãñÌãã¥ã ÀãñãØããÀã¦ã Ìãã¤ ÀãÖ¥ããè½ãã¶ããÞãã ªããÃ „âÞããÌã¦ããñ Êããñ‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã „¹ã¼ããñØ¾ã ¹ãã¦ãßãè¦ã Ìãã¤ Öãñ¦ãñ ¼ããâ¡ÌãÊããè ºããããÀãÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Öãñ¦ããñ. ÞããØãÊãñ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ½ããØããÔãÊãñÊ¾ãã ªñÍããâ¶ãã ¶ãÌããè¶ã ¦ãâ¨ã—ãã¶ããÞãã Êãã¼ã ºãããã¹ãñŸãâÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ‚ããõ²ããñãäØã‡ãŠ àãñ¨ãã¦ã ¹ãÆØã¦ããè ÔããâÔ‡ãðŠ¦ããè‡ãŠ ªñÌãã¥ã - ÜãñÌãã¥ã ÀãñãØããÀã¦ã Ìãã¤ ÀãÖ¥ããè½ãã¶ããÞãã ªããÃ „âÞããÌã¦ããñ Êããñ‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã „¹ã¼ããñØ¾ã ¹ãã¦ãßãè¦ã Ìãã¤ Öãñ¦ãñ ¼ããâ¡ÌãÊããè ºããããÀãÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Öãñ¦ããñ. ããØããä¦ããä‡ãŠ‡ãŠÀ¶ããÞãñ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã Effects of Globalization

ÌããƒÃ› ¹ããä¥ãã½ã ‚ãã¾ãã¦ã ÍãìÊ‡ãŠ Ôã½ãã¹¦ããèÞãã ªìÓ¹ããäÀ¥ãã‡ãŠ ŒããããäØã‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ØããäÀºã Ìã Ñããè½ãâ¦ã ¾ããâÞ¾ã¦ã ãäÌãÓã½ã¦ãã Ìãã¤¦ãñ ÔÌãªñÍããè „²ããñØããâ¶ãã £ããñ‡ãŠã ÀãñãØããÀãÞãã ¹ãÆÍ¶ã Ì¾ã¹ããÀã¦ã ãäÌã‡ãŠÔã¶ãÍããèÊã ªñÍããâÌãÀ ‚ã¶¾ãã¾ã ÌããƒÃ› ¹ããä¥ãã½ã ‚ãã¾ãã¦ã ÍãìÊ‡ãŠ Ôã½ãã¹¦ããèÞãã ªìÓ¹ããäÀ¥ãã‡ãŠ ŒããããäØã‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ØããäÀºã Ìã Ñããè½ãâ¦ã ¾ããâÞ¾ã¦ã ãäÌãÓã½ã¦ãã Ìãã¤¦ãñ ÔÌãªñÍããè „²ããñØããâ¶ãã £ããñ‡ãŠã ÀãñãØããÀãÞãã ¹ãÆÍ¶ã Ì¾ã¹ããÀã¦ã ãäÌã‡ãŠÔã¶ãÍããèÊã ªñÍããâÌãÀ ‚ã¶¾ãã¾ã

„ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¶ã Liberalization ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠããè¶ãñ 24 ãîÊãõ 1991 ½ã£¾ãñ ¶ãÌããè¶ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ £ããñÀ¥ã ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÁ¶ã ºããããÀããä£ããäÓŸ¦ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ £ããñÀ¶ã ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀÊãñ ¦ãòÌÖã¹ããÔãî¶ã ŒãÅ¾ãã ‚ã©ãÃ¶ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ãã¦ã ŒããããäØã‡ãŠÀ¥ã, „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ìã ããØããä¦ããä‡ãŠ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÔã ÔãìÁÌãã¦ã ¢ããÊããè. ¾ãã ¦ããè¶ã Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã †‡ãŠãä¨ã¦ã¹ã¥ãñ LPG Model ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ‚ããñßŒãÊ¾ãã ãã¦ãã¦ã, ¹ããè. ÌÖãè. ¶ãÀãäÔãâÖÀãÌã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞããè ¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ÔãìÁ ‡ãñŠÊããè. ¡ãù ½ã¶ã½ããñÖ¶ã ãäÔãâØã Öñ ¦¾ããÌãñßÞãñ ‚ãã©ãÃ½ãâ¨ããè Öãñ¦ãñ. ¦¾ãã¶ããè 1991 ¦ãñ 1993 ÔããÊããè „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãñ £ããñÀ¥ã ãããäÖÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñ. ¼ããÀ¦ã ÔãÀ‡ãŠããè¶ãñ 24 ãîÊãõ 1991 ½ã£¾ãñ ¶ãÌããè¶ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ £ããñÀ¥ã ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÁ¶ã ºããããÀããä£ããäÓŸ¦ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ £ããñÀ¶ã ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀÊãñ ¦ãòÌÖã¹ããÔãî¶ã ŒãÅ¾ãã ‚ã©ãÃ¶ãñ ¼ããÀ¦ãã¦ã ŒããããäØã‡ãŠÀ¥ã, „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ìã ããØããä¦ããä‡ãŠ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÔã ÔãìÁÌãã¦ã ¢ããÊããè. ¾ãã ¦ããè¶ã Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã †‡ãŠãä¨ã¦ã¹ã¥ãñ LPG Model ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ‚ããñßŒãÊ¾ãã ãã¦ãã¦ã, ¹ããè. ÌÖãè. ¶ãÀãäÔãâÖÀãÌã ¾ããâÞ¾ãã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ¶ãñ „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞããè ¹ãÆãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ÔãìÁ ‡ãñŠÊããè. ¡ãù ½ã¶ã½ããñÖ¶ã ãäÔãâØã Öñ ¦¾ããÌãñßÞãñ ‚ãã©ãÃ½ãâ¨ããè Öãñ¦ãñ. ¦¾ãã¶ããè 1991 ¦ãñ 1993 ÔããÊããè „ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÞãñ £ããñÀ¥ã ãããäÖÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñ.

„ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¶ããÞãñ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ Causes of Liberalization A.ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã ¹ãã¦ãß¾ããÌãÀ ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè ãä¶ã¾ãâ¥ãñ ‡ãŠ½ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ‡ãŠã¤î¶ã ›ã‡ãŠ¥ãñ B.‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀã¦ããèÊã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀãè ÖÔ¦ãàãñ¹ã ‡ãŠ½ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ C.‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ÔãÖã¾¾ã¦ãã ‡ãŠ½ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ D.ªñÍãã¦ããèÊã Ôãã£ã¶ãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÞãã ¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã Ìãã¹ãÀ Öãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ãã©ãÃÌ¾ãÌãÔ©ãã ‡ãìŠÊããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ A.ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã ¹ãã¦ãß¾ããÌãÀ ‚ãÔãÊãñÊããè ãä¶ã¾ãâ¥ãñ ‡ãŠ½ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ‡ãŠã¤î¶ã ›ã‡ãŠ¥ãñ B.‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ Ì¾ãÌãÖãÀã¦ããèÊã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀãè ÖÔ¦ãàãñ¹ã ‡ãŠ½ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ C.‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ÔãÖã¾¾ã¦ãã ‡ãŠ½ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ D.ªñÍãã¦ããèÊã Ôãã£ã¶ãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÞãã ¹ã¾ããÃ¹¦ã Ìãã¹ãÀ Öãñ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ãã©ãÃÌ¾ãÌãÔ©ãã ‡ãìŠÊããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ

„ªããäÀ‡ãŠÀ¶ããÞãñ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã Effects of Liberalization A.ªñÍããè ãäÌãªñÍããè „²ããñØã ÔãâÔ©ãñ½ã£¾ãñ Ô¹ã£ããÃ ãä¶ã½ããÃ¥ã Öãñ¦ãñ. B.¹ãÀãä‡ãŠ¾ã Øãìâ¦ãÌã¥ãî‡ãŠãèÔã ½ããñ‡ãŠßãè‡ãŠ ãä½ãß¦ãñ. C.Ô¹ã£ãó½ãìßñ ªñÍããè „²ããñØããâÞããè ‡ãŠã¾ãÃàã½ã¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã Øãì¥ãÌã¦¦ãã Ìãã¤¦ãñ D.‡ãŠã¶ãØããÀãâÞããè ½ã‡ã‹¦ãñªãÀãè ‡ãŠ½ããè Öãñ¦ãñ. E.‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Ôãã£¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ Íã‡ã‹¾ã ¢ããÊãñ. A.ªñÍããè ãäÌãªñÍããè „²ããñØã ÔãâÔ©ãñ½ã£¾ãñ Ô¹ã£ããÃ ãä¶ã½ããÃ¥ã Öãñ¦ãñ. B.¹ãÀãä‡ãŠ¾ã Øãìâ¦ãÌã¥ãî‡ãŠãèÔã ½ããñ‡ãŠßãè‡ãŠ ãä½ãß¦ãñ. C.Ô¹ã£ãó½ãìßñ ªñÍããè „²ããñØããâÞããè ‡ãŠã¾ãÃàã½ã¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã Øãì¥ãÌã¦¦ãã Ìãã¤¦ãñ D.‡ãŠã¶ãØããÀãâÞããè ½ã‡ã‹¦ãñªãÀãè ‡ãŠ½ããè Öãñ¦ãñ. E.‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Ôãã£¾ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ Íã‡ã‹¾ã ¢ããÊãñ.

¹ãÆªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‚ãÔã½ã¦ããñÊã Regional Disparity “ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ªñÍããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆªñÍããâÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã †‡ãŠÔããÀŒãã ‚ãã¤ß¦ã ¶ããÖãè. ‡ãŠãÖãè ¹ãÆªñÍãã¦ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔãã¦ã Øããä¦ã½ãã¶ã¦ãã ‚ãã¤ß¦ãñ ¦ãÀ ‡ãŠãÖãè ¹ãÆªñÍãã¦ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔããÞããè Øã¦ããè½ãã¶ã¦ãã ‡ãŠ½ããè ‚ãã¤ß¦ãñ. ¾ããÊããÞã ¹ãÆªñÍããÞããè ãäÌãÓã½ã¦ãã ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ‚ãÔã½ã¦ããñÊã ‚ãÔãñ ½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã. ” ¹ãÆªñÍããè‡ãŠ ãäÌãÓã½ã¦ãã Öãè Ôãã£ã¶ãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÞãñ ‚ãÔã½ãã¶ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¶ã, ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔããÞãñ Üã›‡ãŠ ¾ãã½ãìßñ ãä¶ã½ããÃ¥ã Öãñ¦ãñ. “ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ªñÍããÞ¾ãã ¹ãÆªñÍããâÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã †‡ãŠÔããÀŒãã ‚ãã¤ß¦ã ¶ããÖãè. ‡ãŠãÖãè ¹ãÆªñÍãã¦ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔãã¦ã Øããä¦ã½ãã¶ã¦ãã ‚ãã¤ß¦ãñ ¦ãÀ ‡ãŠãÖãè ¹ãÆªñÍãã¦ã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔããÞããè Øã¦ããè½ãã¶ã¦ãã ‡ãŠ½ããè ‚ãã¤ß¦ãñ. ¾ããÊããÞã ¹ãÆªñÍããÞããè ãäÌãÓã½ã¦ãã ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ‚ãÔã½ã¦ããñÊã ‚ãÔãñ ½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã. ” ¹ãÆªñÍããè‡ãŠ ãäÌãÓã½ã¦ãã Öãè Ôãã£ã¶ãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÞãñ ‚ãÔã½ãã¶ã ãäÌã¦ãÀ¶ã, ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔããÞãñ Üã›‡ãŠ ¾ãã½ãìßñ ãä¶ã½ããÃ¥ã Öãñ¦ãñ.

¹ãÆªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‚ãÔã½ã¦ããñÊã Regional Disparity ¹ãÆªñÍããè‡ãŠ ãäÌãÓã½ã¦ãã ãäÖ ããØã¦ããè‡ãŠ Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã ‚ããÖñ. ¼ããÀ¦ãã¦ã ¹ãâããºã, ØãìãÀã¦ã, ‡ãŠ¶ããÃ›‡ãŠ ‡ãñŠÀß, ¦ãããä½ãß¶ãã¡î, ‚ããâ£ãÆ¹ãÆªñÔã, ¹ã. ºãâØããÊã ¾ãã Ôãã¾ããâÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ããÔ¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊãã ‚ããÖñ. ¦ãÀ ãäºãÖãÀ ½ã. ¹ãÆªñÍã, ÀããÔ©ãã¶ã, „. ¹ãÆªñÍã ¾ãã Àã¾ããâ¶ãã ããØããä¦ã‡ãŠ ºãú‡ãñŠ¶ãñ ãäºã½ããÁ Àã¾ã ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ÜããñãäÓã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‚ããÖñ. ¹ãÆªñÍããè‡ãŠ ãäÌãÓã½ã¦ãã ãäÖ ããØã¦ããè‡ãŠ Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã ‚ããÖñ. ¼ããÀ¦ãã¦ã ¹ãâããºã, ØãìãÀã¦ã, ‡ãŠ¶ããÃ›‡ãŠ ‡ãñŠÀß, ¦ãããä½ãß¶ãã¡î, ‚ããâ£ãÆ¹ãÆªñÔã, ¹ã. ºãâØããÊã ¾ãã Ôãã¾ããâÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ããÔ¦ã ¢ããÊãñÊãã ‚ããÖñ. ¦ãÀ ãäºãÖãÀ ½ã. ¹ãÆªñÍã, ÀããÔ©ãã¶ã, „. ¹ãÆªñÍã ¾ãã Àã¾ããâ¶ãã ããØããä¦ã‡ãŠ ºãú‡ãñŠ¶ãñ ãäºã½ããÁ Àã¾ã ½Ö¥ãî¶ã ÜããñãäÓã¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ ‚ããÖñ.

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¹ãÆªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‚ãÔã½ã¦ããñÊããÞããè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ Causes of Regional Disparity ¼ããõØããñãäÊã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ Àãããä‡ãŠ¾ã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ †ñãä¦ãÖããäÔã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ Ôãã½ãããäã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ ½ãã¶ãÌããè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ ¼ããõØããñãäÊã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ Àãããä‡ãŠ¾ã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ †ñãä¦ãÖããäÔã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ Ôãã½ãããäã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ ½ãã¶ãÌããè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ

¹ãÆªñãäÍã‡ãŠ ‚ãÔã½ã¦ããñÊããÞãñ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã Effects of Regional Disparity „²ããñØããÞãñ ‡ãòŠãä³‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ôãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÞãñ ‡ãòŠãä³‡ãŠÀ¥ã ãä¼âã¸ã ÀãÖ¥ããè½ãã¶ã ½ãìÊã¼ãî¦ã Ôããñ¾ããéÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¹ãÆªîÓã¥ããÞããè Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã Ôãã½ãããäã‡ãŠ ‚ããäÔ©ãÀ¦ãã Ô©ãâÊãã¦ãÀãÞããè Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã „²ããñØããÞãñ ‡ãòŠãä³‡ãŠÀ¥ã Ôãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÞãñ ‡ãòŠãä³‡ãŠÀ¥ã ãä¼âã¸ã ÀãÖ¥ããè½ãã¶ã ½ãìÊã¼ãî¦ã Ôããñ¾ããéÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ¹ãÆªîÓã¥ããÞããè Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã Ôãã½ãããäã‡ãŠ ‚ããäÔ©ãÀ¦ãã Ô©ãâÊãã¦ãÀãÞããè Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã

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Ôãã£ã¶ãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÞãã ¹ãìÀñ¹ãîÀ Ìãã¹ãÀ Exploitation of resources ‚ãããäª½ãã¶ãÌãã¹ããÔãî¶ã ¾ãâ¨ã¾ãìØãã¦ããèÊã ½ãã¶ãÌãã¹ã¾ãÃ¦ã ØãÀãã Ìã ½ããØã¥¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ãî¦ãÃ¦ãñÔããŸãè ¹ã¾ããÃÌãÀ¥ããâ¦ã ‚ãŒãâ¡¹ã¥ãñ £ã¡¹ã¡ ÔãìÁ ‚ããÖñ. “ ãä¶ãÔãØããÃ¦ããèÊã ¾ãã ÌãÔ¦ãìÞããâ ‚ã©ãÌãã ¹ãªã©ããÄÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ½ãã¶ãÌããÌªãÀñ ‡ãñŠÊãã ãã¦ããñ ¦¾ããÔã ÔãâÔãã£ã¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã. ” ãä‡ãâŠÌãã “ ½ãã¶ãÌããÊãã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ãã ¶ãã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ãã¦ãÀãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ „¹ã¾ããñØããè ¹ã¡¥ããÀñ ¹ã¾ããÃÌãÀ¥ããè¾ã Üã›‡ãŠ ½Ö¥ããñ Ôãã£ã¶ãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããè Öãñ¾ã. ” ‚ãããäª½ãã¶ãÌãã¹ããÔãî¶ã ¾ãâ¨ã¾ãìØãã¦ããèÊã ½ãã¶ãÌãã¹ã¾ãÃ¦ã ØãÀãã Ìã ½ããØã¥¾ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ãî¦ãÃ¦ãñÔããŸãè ¹ã¾ããÃÌãÀ¥ããâ¦ã ‚ãŒãâ¡¹ã¥ãñ £ã¡¹ã¡ ÔãìÁ ‚ããÖñ. “ ãä¶ãÔãØããÃ¦ããèÊã ¾ãã ÌãÔ¦ãìÞããâ ‚ã©ãÌãã ¹ãªã©ããÄÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ½ãã¶ãÌããÌªãÀñ ‡ãñŠÊãã ãã¦ããñ ¦¾ããÔã ÔãâÔãã£ã¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ½Ö¥ã¦ãã¦ã. ” ãä‡ãâŠÌãã “ ½ãã¶ãÌããÊãã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ãã ¶ãã ‡ãŠãñ¥ã¦¾ãã¦ãÀãè ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ „¹ã¾ããñØããè ¹ã¡¥ããÀñ ¹ã¾ããÃÌãÀ¥ããè¾ã Üã›‡ãŠ ½Ö¥ããñ Ôãã£ã¶ãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããè Öãñ¾ã. ”

Ôãã£ã¶ãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÞãã ¹ãìÀñ¹ãîÀ Ìãã¹ãÀãÞããè ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñ Causes of Exploitation of resources Ìãã¤¦ããè Êããñ‡ãŠÔãâŒ¾ãã ‚ããõ²ããñãäØã‡ãŠ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Ìãã¤¦ãñ ¶ããØãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‚ãã£ãîãä¶ã‡ãŠ ¦ãâ¨ã—ãã¶ããÞãã Ìãã¤¦ãã Ìãã¹ãÀ‚ãã£ãîãä¶ã‡ãŠ ¦ãâ¨ã—ãã¶ããÞãã Ìãã¤¦ãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ÞãÀã… ‡ãìŠÀ¥ããÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ Ìãã¤¦ããè Êããñ‡ãŠÔãâŒ¾ãã ‚ããõ²ããñãäØã‡ãŠ ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã Ìãã¤¦ãñ ¶ããØãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‚ãã£ãîãä¶ã‡ãŠ ¦ãâ¨ã—ãã¶ããÞãã Ìãã¤¦ãã Ìãã¹ãÀ‚ãã£ãîãä¶ã‡ãŠ ¦ãâ¨ã—ãã¶ããÞãã Ìãã¤¦ãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ÞãÀã… ‡ãìŠÀ¥ããÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ

Ôãã£ã¶ãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÞãã ¹ãìÀñ¹ãîÀ Ìãã¹ãÀãÞãñ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã Effects of Exploitation of resources Ìã¶ãÔãâ¦¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ãÌã¶ãÔãâ¦¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ãÊãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããÊãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã Œããä¶ãã Ôãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ãŒããä¶ãã Ôãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ÍãÅ¦‡ãŠãèÔãã£ã¶ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¦ãÌãã¹ãÀãÞãñ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ããä½ããä¶ãÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¦ãÌãã¹ãÀãÞãñ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ãããä½ããä¶ãÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¦ãÌãã¹ãÀãÞãñ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã Ìã¶ãÔãâ¦¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ãÌã¶ãÔãâ¦¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ãÊãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ããÊãÔãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã Œããä¶ãã Ôãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ãŒããä¶ãã Ôãâ¹ã¦¦ããèÌãÀãèÊã ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ÍãÅ¦‡ãŠãèÔãã£ã¶ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¦ãÌãã¹ãÀãÞãñ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ããä½ããä¶ãÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¦ãÌãã¹ãÀãÞãñ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ãããä½ããä¶ãÞ¾ãã ‚ããä¦ãÌãã¹ãÀãÞãñ ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã

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