The Cell and Cell Structures How are cells structured to do the “right” thing?

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes  Prokaryotes Do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles Example: bacteria  Eukaryotes Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Example: animal and plant cells

Structure of Eukaryotes  Both plant and animal cells have: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondria  Only plant cells also have: Cell wall Chloroplasts

Cell membrane  Regulates what enters and leaves the cell  Flexible barrier  Protects and supports cell cell membrane

Cytoplasm (cytosol)  where the cell structures rest  where most of the reactions for the life are carried out cytoplasm

Nucleus  Control center of cell  Contains most of the cell’s DNA (coded instructions for making proteins) nucleus

Ribosomes  “Factory” for making proteins  Assembles proteins based on coded instructions in the DNA ribosomes

Mitochondria  “Power plants” of cell  Convert chemical energy stored in food into form the cell can use mitochondria

Structure of Eukaryotes  Both plant and animal cells have: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondria  Only plant cells also have: Cell wall Chloroplasts

Cell wall  Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane  Supports, shapes and protects the cell  Porous cell wall

Chloroplasts  Solar power plants  Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy  Site of photosynthesis chloroplast

Review 1. Explain the role of the cell membrane. 2. Where in the cell is most of the cell’s DNA found? 3. What two organelles convert energy into a usable form in a plant cell? 4. Explain how the ribosomes act like factories in a cell. 5. Identify two ways to tell an animal cell apart from a plant cell.