Cell Structure & Function 8/21/2015 4

Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Cell Theory (Teoría) 1.All living things are made up of cells. 2.Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. 3.All complex cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Two Major Types of Cells Prokaryotic- “simple” cells Eukaryotic- “complex” (complejo) cells Most living things you are familiar with (including humans) have eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic Do not have a nucleus or other organelles One-celled organisms, bacteria, etc. Bacteria cell in the process of reproducing (dividing)

Eukaryotic Contain a nucleus and other organelles (smaller parts) surrounded by membranes Most living organisms have these type of cells Plant cell Animal cell

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Prokaryote: -has no organelles (no nucleus) Eukaryote: -has organelles (has a nucleus) Both: -are living -have DNA -are cells

“Typical” Animal Cell

“Typical” Plant Cell

Cell Parts Organelles: “little organs” Think of a cell as a factory- lots of separate people, departments, and machines that each have their own task, but they work together to get a job done.

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane (like factory doors and gates): surround the cell provide communication with other cells control entrance and exit of materials, thereby maintaining internal balance Cell Membrane

Cell Wall (like factory outer walls): further protects the cell and provides strength Cell Wall (plants only)

Inside the Cell

Nucleus Cell nucleus (like the factory central office): the “boss” of the cell Directs all cell activities Separated by a nuclear membrane (it’s own “cell wall”) Contains genetic material - DNA

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm (like the factory floor): contains and carries all other organelles Gel-like material; the “goop” of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum (like factory conveyor belts): move materials around in cell Smooth type: has no ribosomes Rough type (pictured): has ribosomes in surface

Ribosomes Ribosomes (like the factory assembly line): put together proteins Each cell contains thousands Found on reticulum and floating throughout the cell

Mitochondria Mitochondria (like the factory generator): the “power plant” of the cell Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates

Golgi Bodies (Apparatus) Golgi bodies (like the factory packing and shipping department): the UPS or Fed-Ex of the cell Transports and packages proteins and other materials in the cell –Moves materials within the cell –Moves materials out of the cell

Lysosome Lysosomes (like the factory waste management dpartment): the “wrecking crew” and “trash can” of the cell Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes or ruptures 

Vacuoles Vacuoles (like factory storage/factory water tower): the “storage container” of the cell Sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Help plants maintain shape- very large in plants

Chloroplast (plants only) Chloroplasts (like factory solar energy plants): turns energy from the sun (with CO 2 and water) into food Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place

Today’s Assignment Cell Analogy Project (cell structures) Your cell analogy can be a factory, a store, a school, a garage. You may choose a plant or animal cell 100 pts possible How about an example?