IP Network Basics

For Internal Use Only ▲ Internal Use Only ▲ Course Objectives Grasp the basic knowledge of network Understand network evolution history and classification of network Grasp OSI model and each layer’s function Grasp the function of different kind of network devices and its position

For Internal Use Only ▲ Internal Use Only ▲ Course Outline Chapter I Network Overview Chapter II OSI Reference Model

For Internal Use Only ▲ Internal Use Only ▲ Course Contents Chapter I Network Overview Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network Section 2 Classification of Network

Internal Use Only ▲ Definition of Network Computer network refers to interconnect ion of separately distributed computers and external communication equipments to form a system for easy information exchanging and resource sharing among multiple pieces of computers. IP Hotel Mobile Server

Internal Use Only ▲ Network Evolution History Phase 2 ： 70’s － 80’s Phase 4 ： 80’s till now Phase 1 ： 50’s － 60’s

For Internal Use Only ▲ Internal Use Only ▲ Course Contents Chapter I Network Overview Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network Section 2 Classification of Network

Internal Use Only ▲ Classification of Network Local Area Network (LAN) Metro Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN)

Internal Use Only ▲ LAN LAN usually covers an area of several kilometers and integrated several independent data devices to enable users to share network resources. Features: short distance, low latency, high data-transmitting rate and reliable transmission. The infrastructures of LAN include servers, clients, network equipments and communication media.

Internal Use Only ▲ MAN MAN usually covers an area of several kilometers to hundreds of kilometers Data transmission rate ranged from several Kbit/s to several Gbit/s Optical fiber is the best transmission media of MAN

Internal Use Only ▲ WAN WAN is mainly used to connect LANs, and provide data communication within wide areas. WAN covers an area of hundreds to thousands of kilometers.

For Internal Use Only ▲ Internal Use Only ▲ Course Contents Chapter I Network Overview Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network Section 2 Classification of Network

For Internal Use Only ▲ Internal Use Only ▲ Course Contents Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer Section 5 Session/Presentation/Application Layer

Internal Use Only ▲ OSI Reference Model Overview Data Transmission between Networks Transport Layer Data-link Layer Network Layer Physical Layer Data Transmission between Hosts Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer OSI RM ： Open System Interconnection Reference Model

Internal Use Only ▲ Functions of Each Layer Provide communication between application programs Process data format and encryption Establish, maintain and manage sessions Establish end-to-end connection Addressing and routing Provide media access and link management Bit stream transmission Transport Layer Data-link Layer Physical Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer Network Layer

Internal Use Only ▲ Relationship between Each Layer of OSI Model Only peer layers with same protocol are able to communicate. Transport Layer Data-link Layer Network Layer Physical Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer APDU Bits Frame Packet Segment SPDU PPDU Transport Layer Data-link Layer Network Layer Physical Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer

Internal Use Only ▲ Upper Layer Data TCP Header IP Header LLC Header MAC Header Segment Packet Bits Frame PDU FCS Data Encapsulation Transport Layer Data-link Layer Physical Layer Network Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer Session Layer Upper Layer Data

Internal Use Only ▲ Upper Layer Data LLC Hdr + IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data MAC Header IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data LLC Header TCP+ Upper Layer Data IP Header Upper Layer Data TCP Header Transport Layer Data-link Layer Physical Layer Network Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer Session Layer Data De-encapsulation

For Internal Use Only ▲ Internal Use Only ▲ Study Contents Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer

Internal Use Only ▲ Physical Layer Moves bits between devices Specified voltage, rate and pin-out cables Physical Layer is the first and bottom layer of OSI Reference Model. Physical Layer mainly provides bit stream transmission.

Internal Use Only ▲ Physical Layer also defines: Media Type Connector Type Signal Type Function of Physical Layer

Internal Use Only ▲ HUB Host 10Base2—Ethernet thin-wire 10Base5—Ethernet thick-wire 10BaseT—TP Ethernet/802.3

Internal Use Only ▲ HUB works on Physical Layer The work stations connected via HUB are physically Star Topology but Bus Topology logically. All devices are in one Collision Domain The more terminals, the more collisions All devices share the bandwidth Collision Domain ： an assembling of all the workstations on the same cable or of all the nodes on the same physical segment or a group of nodes contending the same bandwidth. HUB

For Internal Use Only ▲ Internal Use Only ▲ Study Contents Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer

Internal Use Only ▲ Data-link Layer Data-link Layer Combines packets into bytes and bytes to frames Provides access to media using MAC address Performs error detection not correction Physical Layer Moves bits between devices Specified voltage, rate and pin-out cables Data-link Layer is the second layer of OSI Reference Model Mainly responsible to precisely transmit the data packet to Network Layer of destination host.

Internal Use Only ▲ Data-link Layer defines: Physical source and destination addresses Define network topology Control of frame order Flow Control Function of Data-link Layer

Internal Use Only ▲ Data Source address FCS Length Destination address Variable Length d0.d0 xx.xx.xx Distributed by manufacturer The manufacturer code assigned by IEEE Preamble Ethernet II uses “Type” in this field. MAC address 8 # Bytes MAC Address

Internal Use Only ▲ Layer 2 Switch and Bridge work on Data-link Layer Each network segment connected to each port is an individual Collision Domain All network segments are in one Broadcast Domain Broadcast Domain ： assembly of nodes that receive same broadcast message, able to be classified into one logical network segment with other broadcast nodes. Switch/Bridge

For Internal Use Only ▲ Internal Use Only ▲ Study Contents Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer

Internal Use Only ▲ Network Layer EIA/TIA-232 V.35 IP IPX Network Layer Provides logic addressing which routers use for path determination Data-link Layer Combines packets into bytes and bytes to frames Provides access to media using MAC address Performs error detection not correction Physical Layer Moves bits between devices Specifies voltage, rate and pin-out cables / HDLC

Internal Use Only ▲ Defines Logical Address Addressing and Routing Network Layer IP, IPX Data-link Layer Physical Layer EIA/TIA-232 v.35 Ethernet HDLC Functions of Network Layer FR

Internal Use Only ▲ Network Layer address is globally unique, constituted by two parts: Network address and Host address. IP address Network address Host address Logical Address(1)

Internal Use Only ▲ Binary Mask Binary Address Address Mask Network Host Logical Address(2)

Internal Use Only ▲ Functions: Logical routing Select best routing path Broadcast control Multicast Control Flow Control Router

For Internal Use Only ▲ Internal Use Only ▲ Course Contents Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer

Internal Use Only ▲ TCP UDP SPX / HDLC EIA/TIA-232 V.35 IP IPX Transport Layer Transport Layer Provides reliable or unreliable delivery Performs error correction before retransmit Network Layer Provides logical addressing, which routers use for path determination Data-link Layer Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames Provides access to media using MAC address Performs error detection not correction Physical Layer Moves bits between devices Specifies voltage, rate, and pin-out cables

Internal Use Only ▲ Functions: Segment Upper Layer Data Establish end-to-end connection between application programs Flow control Connection-oriented and connectionless Communication Network Layer IPXIP Transport Layer SPXTCPUDP Function of Transport Layer

Internal Use Only ▲ Synchronizing Acknowledgement, Synchronizing Acknowledgement Data Transmission SenderReceiver Connection Established Connection-oriented Session

Internal Use Only ▲ Summary Definition of Network Network Evolution History Classification of Networks OSI Model and Functions of Each Layer Common Network Devices