C.4.A: Chemical and Physical C.4.B: Intensive versus Extensive Properties of Matter C.4.A: Chemical and Physical C.4.B: Intensive versus Extensive

Properties of Matter Remember that Matter is anything that has both mass and volume (ie…takes up space) Properties are characteristics that enable us to distinguish one kind of matter from another.

Physical Properties Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter. Examples of Physical Properties Odor Color Density - The mass of a substance divided by its volume Luster - How shiny a substance is. Malleability - The ability of a substance to be beaten into thin sheets. Ductility - The ability of a substance to be drawn into thin wires.

Physical Properties cont. More Examples of Physical Properties Hardness - How easily a substance can be scratched. Melting/Freezing Point - The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium. Boiling Point - The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure on the liquid Conductivity - The ability of a substance to allow the flow of energy or electricity.

Chemical Properties Chemical properties of matter describe its "potential" to undergo some chemical change or reaction by virtue of its composition. These properties cannot be tested with changing the composition of the substances. Examples of Chemical Properties Reactivity – The ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction Ionization – The ability of a substance to exhibit a positive or negative charge. Combustibility – The ability for a substance to burn

Intensive Properties Intensive Properties – Properties of matter that are not dependent on the amount of matter. Examples of intensive properties Temperature Color Hardness melting point boiling point pressure density

Extensive Properties Extensive Properties – Properties of matter that are dependent on the amount of matter. Examples of extensive properties Mass Volume Length

Density Density is the measurement of how tightly packed matter is. Since the amount of matter is mass and the space it occupies is volume, we can calculate the density of matter using the following equation: Mass is measured in grams (g). Volume is measured in units of length cubed (cm3) or units of volume (mL). Either can be used because one milliliter is defined as one cubic centimeter (cm3). Mass Density = ----------- Volume

Volume The volume of an object is calculated by multiplying the measurements of length, height, and width. What happens when the object is irregular in shape and length, height, or width cannot be measured using a ruler? The technique most commonly used is water displacement. By finding the volume of water that is displaced by the matter the volume of the matter can be determined because it is the matter displacing the water.