Properties of Matter and Substances Matter – Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Mass – amount of matter an object contains – Volume – amount of space an object takes up

Describing Matter Properties describe matter. Extensive Properties: – Depends on the amount of matter. Examples: Intensive Properties: – Do not depend on the amount of matter. Examples:

Physical Property Quality of substance observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance Examples:

Chemical Property Quality of substance observed when changing the composition of the substance Ability of substance to undergo chemical reaction Examples:

Physical Changes Does not change composition Still the same “stuff” Examples:

Chemical Changes – Change in chemical composition of substances involved – Changes into something new – Examples:

3 States of Matter Solids – definite shape and volume Liquids – definite volume, shape of container Gases – takes both shape and volume of container

Substances &Mixtures/Solutions Substance: constant and definite composition. The composition is always the same. – Example: H 2 O Mixture: 2 or more substances. The composition can be different. Can be heterogeneous or homogeneous – Example: Chicken Noodle Soup Solution: Homogeneous mixture

Types of Mixtures Heterogeneous: not uniform in composition – 2 phases Homogeneous: completely uniform mixture = solutions – 1 phase – uniform composition and properties – Types of solutions: gases, liquids, or solid solutions

Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Elements: simplest forms of matter. Made of only one type of atom – Cannot be separated by chemical means Compounds: 2 or more elements chemically combined – Can be separated into simpler substances by chemical means Mixtures: 2 or more substances combined, but not chemically combined. The composition can be different. Can be heterogeneous or homogeneous

Symbols and Formulas Chemical Symbol – 1 or 2 letters – Some derived from Latin or Greek – Method of shorthand Formulas: 2 or more symbols – Examples: NaCl, H 2 O, CaCO 3, H 2 SO 4

Matter Flowchart MATTER Can it be physically separated? NoYes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture MIXTURE Is the composition uniform? noyes PURE SUBSTANCE ElementCompound Can it be chemically broken down? yesno

Differentiate between Chemical and Physical Changes Chemical Changes – Energy absorbed or given off Mg + HCl  got hot – Change in color or odor Burning candle  smells – Gas formation Baking soda + vinegar – Irreversibility Once you burn something, you can’t “unburn” it

Conservation of Mass Quantity of matter unchanged – Mass neither created or destroyed in any physical or chemical reaction – Mass of reactants = Mass of products Example: combustion/burning