Literary Terms Drama- written to be performed for an audience Cast- list of characters at the beginning of the play; features every character that appears in the play Stage Directions- details that specify how the characters should look, speak, behave, and when actors should enter and exit the stage

Literary Terms Act- one major division of the play (like a chapter). Shakespeare’s plays each have five acts. Each act is divided into scenes. An act generally focuses on one major aspect of the plot or theme. Between acts, stagehands may change scenery, and the scenery may shift to another locale.

Literary Terms Scene- a subdivision of an act; usually signifies a change in characters, plot, and location featured in play Protagonist- character the audience identifies with Antagonist- character or trait against the protagonist

Literary Terms Tragedy- drama in which the main character, called the tragic hero, suffers from a good fortune. Usually occurs because of some tragic flaw (ex: pride or indecisiveness) Fatal flaw- deadly mistake

 Introduces the subjects/themes of the play  Gives a plot summary of the play  Puts the audience at ease  Apologizes in advance for any mistakes

 A single character who speaks directly to the audience on behalf of the actors  Reads the prologue and epilogue to audience  Bridges the gap between audience and actors  Reveals inner thoughts of actors  Explains important parts of the setting and plot

 Wordplay/Pun: playing around with the meaning and sound of words ex. Lines 1-5: “coals..colliers..choler..collar” What statue in the room is a great example of a pun? Now it’s your turn. Write your own pun and make sure your audience understands the humor.

Bawdy humor: crude, risque, indecent jokes - Just look for it in the first page!!

 The type of English spoken in England during Shakespeare’s time. Archaic Diction: Uses “thee,” “thou,” “dost,” “mighst,” “shall” etc. Inverted word order: verb and/or object comes before the subject. ex. You will love me  Me wilt thou love.

 a combination of two words that normally contradict each other  ex. ( I ) “brawling love, loving hate…” - Romeo

 The use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in literature. ex. ( I ) ‏ - Romeo foreshadows _____

 14-line poem: 3 quatrains, 1 couplet  written in iambic pentameter  rhyme scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG ex. Prologue

 Four lines of poetry ex. Prologue

 Two consecutive rhyming lines of poetry  Contain a complete thought ex. Prologue

 A measurement of rhythm in a line of poetry  Iamb: 1 unstressed syllable, 1 stressed syllable  Pentameter: five feet, or pairs of syllables Ex. “A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life” five feet, or pairs of syllables = pentameter each foot has unstressed, stressed = iambic

 Unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter  How Shakespeare usually writes his plays ex. Almost the whole play!

FOIL CHARACTERS A character who provides a strong contrast to another character May make another character look better by comparison or emphasize the other character’s distinctive trait

IMAGERY Imagery- descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the five senses Helps create an emotional response in the reader What light and dark imagery appears through the characters of Romeo and Juliet? 1.Light 2.Dark

 a gap between what is expected to happen and what really happens  ex. ( I ) “My only love sprung from my only hate” - Juliet

 A gap between what the audience knows and what the characters know  ex. __________________________

VERBAL IRONY When a character says one thing but means something else Example: Juliet says, “yet let me weep for such a feeling loss,” when speaking with her mother in Act III, Scene 5. Lady Capulet believes she is talking about weeping over Tybalt’s death when Juliet is really talking about weeping over Romeo’s banishment.

Monologue 1 character speaking for an extended time Intended to have listeners, such as the audience (like the prologue) or another character How is this different from a soliloquy?

Soliloquy A speech in which a character speaks thoughts aloud Generally, character on stage alone, not speaking to other characters or the audience Examples:

Aside A character speaks his or her thoughts aloud Meant to be heard by audience but not other characters How is this different from monologue? How is this different from a soliloquy?

Soliloquy vs. Monologue vs.Aside

 a comparison between two unlike things that is drawn out over several lines  ex. ( I ) – kissing compared to prayer  Juliet is a “holy shrine” or temple  His lips are pilgrims or saints  Juliet: lips are for prayer; saints shake hands  Romeo: let lips do what hands do  Juliet: saints don’t initiate, they give when people pray to them  Romeo: then don’t move while I take what I pray for  Romeo: now my sin is gone  Juliet: yes, it is on my lips  Romeo: Oh no! Let me take it back again