Speciation: How New Species Form!

April 5 Warm-Up: How does a species form? Warm-Up: How does a species form?

Speciation: formation of new species!

What is a species? A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

✩ Formation of New Species  Speciation begins with divergence: the accumulation of differences between groups.

Subspecies

Species: Wolves Kingdom: Animalia (Animals) Phylum: Chordata (Animals with notochords; A flexible structure that forms the main support) Subphylum: Vertebrata (Animals with backbones) Class: Mammalia (Chordates that produce milk via mammary glands) Subclass: Eutheria (Placental Mammals: Mammals with a membranous organ that develops in female mammals during pregnancy which lines the uterine wall and partially enveloping the fetus) Order: Carnivora (Meat eaters) Suborder: Caniforma (Canine-like carnivores) Family: Canidae (See below) Genus: Canis (Coyotes, dingos, domestic dogs, jackals, and Wolves) Species: lupus (Gray Wolves)

The Arctic Wolf -subspecies Canis lupus arctos: The Arctic Wolf Canis lupus arctos: The Arctic Wolf Habitat: The arctic region of North America. Habitat: The arctic region of North America.

The Eastern Timber Wolf- subspecies Canis lupus lycaon: Canis lupus lycaon: The Eastern Timber Wolf Habitat: Eastern Canada and the U.S. At one time found as far south as Florida and west as Minnesota. Habitat: Eastern Canada and the U.S. At one time found as far south as Florida and west as Minnesota.

Canis lupus arabs: The Arabian Wolf Habitat: The desert of Saudi Arabia. Characteristics: The Arabian Wolf is the smallest subspecies of Wolf, weighing 18 kg (40 pounds) and standing 66 cm (26 inches) at the shoulder. Their fur is short and of a pale beige color.

North America Canis lupus alces 2. arctos 3. baileyi 4. beothucus 5. bernardi 6. columbianus 7. crassodon 8. fuscus 9. hudsonicus 10. griseoalbus 11. irremotus alcesarctosbaileyibeothucusbernardicolumbianuscrassodonfuscushudsonicusgriseoalbusirremotusalcesarctosbaileyibeothucusbernardicolumbianuscrassodonfuscushudsonicusgriseoalbusirremotus 12. labradorius 13. ligoni 14. lycaon 15. mackenzii 16. manningi 17. mogollonensis 18. monstrablis 19. nubilus 20. occidentalis 21. orion 22. pambasileus 23. tundrarum 24. youngi 12. labradorius 13. ligoni 14. lycaon 15. mackenzii 16. manningi 17. mogollonensis 18. monstrablis 19. nubilus 20. occidentalis 21. orion 22. pambasileus 23. tundrarum 24. youngilabradoriusligonilycaonmackenziimanningimogollonensismonstrablisnubilusoccidentalisorionpambasileustundrarumyoungilabradoriusligonilycaonmackenziimanningimogollonensismonstrablisnubilusoccidentalisorionpambasileustundrarumyoungi

✩ Forming subspecies  Subspecies: populations of the same species that differ genetically due to adaptations to different living conditions. Arctic wolf Arabian Wolf

Reproductive Isolation When members of two populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Causes two separate gene pools. Occurs in 3 ways: Behavioral Isolation Behavioral Isolation Geographic Isolation Geographic Isolation Temporal Isolation Temporal Isolation

✩ Reproductive Isolation  Barriers to reproduction usually prevent different species from breeding with each other. The time of peak mating activity varies between species of frogs

✩ Maintaining New Species Barriers to mating: 1. Geographically isolated 2. Reproduce at different times 3. Physical differences prevent mating 4. Not attractive to one another. 5. Hybrid offspring may not be fertile or suited to the environment of either parent.

Behavioral Isolation When two populations are capable of interbreeding but have differences in courtship rituals (mating dances) or other reproductive strategies.

Behavioral Mating Dance

✩ Geographic isolation  Two populations are separated by geographic barriers like rivers, mountains or bodies of water. Distinct flightless birds on different continents exemplify diver sification through geographic isolation

Geographic Isolation

Temporal Isolation- when two or more populations reproduce at different times The time of peak mating activity varies between species of frogs

Evolution in Action: Salamanders in California action-salamanders.html action-salamanders.html action-salamanders.html action-salamanders.html

A Step in Speciation: Salamander Speciation Lab