Spatial Dominion in Early Roman Architecture

Pompeii, Italy, city plan, esp. the forum and the basilica, 1 st cen. BC to 1 st cen. AD I. City plan of Pompeii: an admixture of Italic, Greek Hippodamian, and Roman urbanism

Pompeii Mt. Vesuvius Naples Pompeii, Italy I.

I. A. What street patterns indicate the early Oscan and the Greek settlements? Pompeii Greek Oscan 6.

I. B. What neighborhood and large public spaces were added by the Romans in 80 BC when they decided to make Pompeii a retirement city for their military veterans? Pompeii

I. B. Pompeii’s AmphitheaterPompeii’s Theater Theater and Odeon 3.

The Basilica on the Forum at Pompeii II. The Forum: A consensus-building space in the Roman Republic A. What public buildings would one find on a Roman forum? 1. a basilica

The Basilica on the Forum at Pompeii II. A. 1. a. What are the components of the Roman basilica architecturally? 9.

II. A. 1. a. The Basilica on the Forum at Pompeii Greek stoas Hypostyle market hall, 210 BC at Delos, Turkey

The Basilica on the Forum at PompeiiStoa of Attalos at Athens II. A. 1. c. What Greek building is a basilica most similar to in terms of function?

Council buildings on the Forum at Pompeii II. A. 2. Council halls, courts, treasury (and the Senate in the city of Rome)

Commercial buildings on the Forum at Pompeii II. A. 3. Commercial and civic buildings (some donated by prominent citizens: the Eumachia)

II. A. 4. Urban temples Forum of Pompeii – Two Temples

Forum at Pompeii II. B. In what two ways did Romans circumscribe space and forge consensus in a Roman forum? 8.

colonnaded Forum at Pompeii II. B. (Shaping space to foster consensus)

II. B. 2. How did the position of the main temple in a forum contribute to spatial hierarchy and clarity? Forum at Pompeii – Temple of Jupiter

Temple of Portunus, Rome, 75 BC Temple of Hercules Victor, Rome late 2 nd cen. BC Temple of Vesta, Tivoli, Italy early 1 st cen. BC Temple of Hercules at Cori, Italy late 2 nd cen. BC III. Roman pseudo-peripteral temple: Republican forging of concensus in building design Roman temples of the Republic period Temple of Jupiter on the forum of Pompeii, 150 BC Etruscan style Temple of Capitoline Jupiter, Rome, 509 BC

III. Maison Carrée (“Square House”), Nimes, France, 1 st century B.C.

III.

Maison Carrée and the Carré d‘Art museum by Norman Foster ( ) III.

III. A. Did Roman spatial control transform the Greek temple, or did the Greek temple Hellenize the early Etrusco-Roman temple? Roman Maison Carrée, 1 st cen. BC Etruscan temple (Veii, Italy, 5 th cen. BC )Greek temple (Parthenon, 5 th cen. BC )

Maison Carrée (Shaping space to foster consensus) III. A. 1. Roman temple plan and elevationa. podium and d. approach

Maison Carrée III. A. 1. a. front side

III. A. 1. b. cella Maison Carrée

III. A. 1. c. pseudo-peripteral Maison Carrée

III. B. Ritual preferences in Roman temples 1. Where was the Roman altar compared to the Greek? Maison Carrée altar sometimes

III B. 2. Aside from worship, what other functions did the Roman temple serve? Maison Carrée

III. C. Where might the imperial patronage be seen in this otherwise traditionally republican-era temple? Maison Carrée