Chapter 13 – Jacksonian Era – “The Era of the Common Man” Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the US Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. Use your knowledge of the 1820’s and 1830’s to explain the extent to which you agree with the Jacksonians’ view of themselves.

The Election of 1824 & “The Corrupt Bargain” JQ Adams (MS) – Secretary of State under Monroe Henry Clay (KY) – Speaker of the House William H Crawford (GA) – Secretary of Treasury – (had a stroke, out)* A. Jackson (TN)

“The Corrupt Bargain” House of Representatives – Choose between top three candidates, run by Henry Clay – Speaker. Clay hated Jackson, but held commonalities with JQ Adams American System Nationalists “Corrupt Bargain” – Clay threw support behind JQ Adams, in return he would be made Sec. of State (next step = Prez) Discussion Question: Why was John Quincy Adams called, the “Minority President?” *Andrew Jackson won the popular vote, but not the electoral college

Accomplishments of John Quincy Adams Senate – voted against Embargo of 1807 Secretary of State Treaty of Ghent Adams-Onis Treaty Monroe Doctrine

Accomplishments of John Quincy Adams President #6 1825-29 House of Representatives – 8 terms Defense attorney in Amistad Slave Revolt Case – 1841 Had “gag rule” repealed

Beliefs of John Quincy Adams Second Bank of US Opposed annexation of Texas (anti-slavery) Nationalist (American System – public University, weather stations) Sympathized with Indians

The Election of 1828 Adams v Jackson

“Old Hickory” as President Spoils System – “Turn the rascals out, put our rascals in.” Effects – How did the Spoils System help to develop the new 2-party system? Tariff of 1828 – Passed under Adams and inherited by Jackson. A protective tariff for business What problem did the “Old South” have with the tariff?

“The Nullies” v Jackson John C Calhoun (VP Under Adams and Jackson) wrote South Carolina Exposition (1828) “Concurrent Majority” – a federal law that is harmful to states can be declared null and void via a convention of the people. Jackson’s Response – Threatened military force and “Force Bill” What steps were taken to avoid a military conflict?

“The Hydra of Corruption” – The Bank Wars Nicholas Biddle – President of Bank of US Functions – print stable currency, keep federal money, control gold and silver, source of credit 1832 – Clay and Webster wanted to use the renewal of the charter to embarrass the President – if he passed the charter he would anger his followers, if he vetoed it the wealthy would be upset. *How did the veto increase the power of President?

“The Moneyed Monster” The Bank War 1833 Jackson removed most Federal money from Bank of US Effect – Panic of 1837 – What did Biddle have to do? “Pet Banks” Specie Circular – US Treasury required all new land purchased be secured with gold or silver.

Jackson – The Victor in the Bank War Democratic cartoon from 1833 showing Jackson destroying the bank, to the approval of the Uncle Sam like figure to the right, and annoyance of the bank's President, shown as the Devil himself.

Hydra of Corruption

Jackson and The Native Americans 1828 The Cherokee Tribes of Georgia wrote and adopted a constitution with 3 branch government. Georgia declared the Cherokee Assembly illegal (SC ruled in favor of Indians) Cherokee Nation v Georgia Worcester v Georgia Jackson’s Response: “John Marshall had made his decision, now let him enforce it.” *How does this quote from Jackson show his increasing strength as President?

Indian Removal Act of 1830 100,000 Indians moved from east of Mississippi 1832 – Black Hawk War 1835-42 Osceola and Florida Seminoles 1838-39 “Trail of Tears” 15,000 Cherokees, 116 days – 4,000 deaths

The Trail of Tears

Jacksonians on States’ Rights Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837) States, not federal government, had power to enter into contracts regarding infrastructure, transportation. Maysville Road Veto - I am not able to view [the Maysville Road Bill] in any other light than as a measure of purely local character.... It has no connection with any established system of improvements; [and] is exclusively within the limits of a State [Kentucky]....

“The Era of the Common Man” Social mixture Universal Male Suffrage Popular Campaigning Increased Power of President (through veto) Kitchen Cabinet Roger Taney in Supreme Court