Sexually Transmitted Infections Chapter 29 Group 4 Lesson Title: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Topic: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Tramaine Curtis Phinecia Bright Teonia Burton Diana Medina Cherlyne Norman

Target Group: Child-Bearing age women between the ages of 16- 35

What is a STI? Any infections contracted through sexual intercourse or other intimate sexual contact. Most STIs spread during vaginal or anal sex, but other forms of sexual contact, such as oral sex, can also spread disease

Why STI and not STD? People must first be infected before they can have a sexually transmitted disease An Infection means that a germ that can cause sickness is present inside a person’s body. An infected person may feel sick. A disease means that the infection is actually causing the infected person to feel sick, or to notice something is wrong.

In addition, 15 million cases of STIs cases are reported annually in the United States Can be transferred from one person to another through sexual contact

STIs in Women Women are more vulnerable biologically, culturally, socioeconomically Most are asymptomatic (no symptoms)in women

Bacterial vs. Viral Bacterial Infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Viral Infections HIV/AIDS HPV Herpes Simplex

Known as “Human Papillomavirus” HPV Known as “Human Papillomavirus”

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 20 million people are currently infected with HPV Very common amongst sexually active college students

Signs & Symptoms Most common manifestation of HPV is warts Includes warts on skin such as plantar warts or in the genital area, known as genital warts

Signs & Symptoms May be associated with discomfort such as itching, burning, or tenderness in the genital area Most women with HPV do not have any symptoms at all

Effects on Pregnancy HPV has no effect on the fetus whatsoever during pregnancy and does not rule out a vaginal delivery In some, the warts may be so large it can block the birth canal; in this case Cesarean section may be performed

Treatment No effective treatment Warts may be treated with agents designed to reduce or remove the warts, including creams, oral medications, or surgery The infection usually goes away without treatment, but for high risk HPV

Is caused by the Chlamydia Trachomatis bacteria “Silent disease”

Chlamydia Most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in U.S. 2.8 million Americans are infected with Chlamydia each year

Signs and Symptoms Some women still have no signs or symptoms Abnormal vaginal discharge or a burning sensation when urinating Symptoms usually appear within 1 to 3 weeks after exposure

In addition, Lower abdominal pain, low back pain, nausea, fever, pain during intercourse, or bleeding between menstrual periods

Effects on Pregnancy Chlamydia can spread to other reproductive organs causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Can lead to long-term pelvic pain, blocked fallopian tubes, infertility and ectopic pregnancy

Effects on Pregnancy Evidence that untreated chlamydial infections can lead to premature delivery Babies born to infected mothers can get chlamydial infections in their eyes and respiratory tracts

Treatment Your doctor or other health care workers will probably give you a prescription for an antibiotic to treat people with Chlamydia infection

Scientifically known as the gonococcus, or Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gonorrhea Scientifically known as the gonococcus, or Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gonorrhea 700,000 persons in the U.S. get new gonorrheal infections each year Half of these infections are reported to CDC

Signs & Symptoms Most infected women have no symptoms Include a painful or burning sensation when urinating, increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal bleeding between periods

Signs & Symptoms Infected women have higher risk of developing serious complications from the infection A common complication of gonorrhea is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Effects on Pregnancy Can also be spread from mother to child during birth Can cause fertility problems, birth defects, skin problems, arthritis, blood poisoning, and heart and brain infections

Treatment Several antibiotics can successfully cure gonorrhea Because of drug-resistance the successful treatment of gonorrhea is becoming more difficult

In addition, Many people with gonorrhea also have chlamydia, antibiotics for both infections are usually given together Persons with gonorrhea should be tested for other STDs

Herpes Simplex Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2), which is related to the viruses that belongs to the same family of viruses that cause chicken pox and shingles

Herpes Simplex 1 & 2 45 million people in the United States ages 12 and older have herpes 1 out of 5 of the total adolescent and adult population, are infected with Herpes Simplex

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 1 (HSV-1) Cause lesions, cold sores “fever blisters” in the mouth or on the lips Bumps form on the lips and sometimes in the mouth, tongue, and throat Blisters crust over and heal within 10-16 days

Herpes Simplex May include fever, general muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, flu-like symptoms Increased salivation and sometimes bleeding in the mouth

Herpes Type 2 (HSV-2) Cause lesions around and on the genital areas Bumps form on the lips and sometimes in the mouth, tongue, and throat Blisters crust over and heal within 10-16 days

Effects on Pregnancy Type 2 Viral shedding from cervix, vagina, vulva plays the primary role in transmitting the disease from mother to infant About 60% of newborns infected and not treated will die or be severely damaged

Effects on Pregnancy Newborns develop skin sores; caesarean is performed if sores are present Herpes keratitus- Ocular herpes

Signs & Symptoms Include fever, general muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, flu-like symptoms Increased salivation and sometimes bleeding in the mouth

Signs & Symptoms Recurrence Period-virus lay dormant Prodromal Symptoms- tingling at the sites commonly affected by blisters

Treatment Topical ointment, oral or injectable Oral and injectable reduces viral shedding and duration severity of initial herpes outbreaks Injection is used for most severe outbreaks

HIV/AIDS HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

HIV/AIDS HIV is the virus that causes AIDS The definition of AIDS relates to CD4+ T-cells Count Healthy adults usually have CD4+ T-cell counts of 1,000 or more Aids and some HIV sufferers have less than 200 CD4+ T-cells

Furthermore, Minority women in U.S are one of the fastest growing populations affected Ranks among the top three leading causes of death for minority women aged 24-44

Signs & Symptoms rapid weight loss dry cough recurring fever or profuse night sweats profound and unexplained fatigue swollen lymph glands diarrhea white spots or unusual blemishes on the tongue, in the mouth, or in the throat

Signs & Symptoms pneumonia red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids memory loss, depression, and other neurological disorders Do not assume if you have symptoms!

Effects on Pregnancy Spontaneous abortion Stillbirth Maternal mortality Newborn mortality Low birth weight Preterm delivery Amnionitis (inflammation)

Effects of Pregnancy 70% transmission occurs at the time of delivery 30% amount occurs antenatally (before delivery) A significant contributor to transmission is breastfeeding

Treatment Antiviral drugs drug’s that boost the immune system have allowed many people with HIV to resist infections, stay healthy, and prolong their lives, but these medications are not a cure

Treatment There is no vaccine to prevent HIV and AIDS researchers are working on developing one Doctors do not know of any way to rid the body of HIV

Modes of Transmission blood blood products sexual fluids People can be infected and NOT look sick or even have AIDS but can still transmit HIV

Other Common STIs/STDs More than 20 known STIs It is important to be tested for STIs if you are sexually active syphilis trichomonas Hepatitis B Hepatitis C

STI Prevention Abstain from sexual intercourse—vaginal, oral, or anal Be in a monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner

STI Prevention For oral sex, use a condom over the penis and use a dental dam, plastic wrap, or cut-open condom to cover the vagina or anus Dual protection is the use of condoms combined with another contraceptive method

STIs in 2004

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