The Earth and the Universe

Earth’s Motion and Seasons The goals of this lesson: I can apply the laws of motion to the movement of satellites. I can explain how gravity and inertia combine to keep objects in orbit.

Flashback Vocabulary Gravity- is The attractive force between two objects. Gravity also controls the orbits of all the planets in our solar system as well as our solar system’s relative motion to the Universe. * Remember: Gravity is related to the mass of the objects the more mass the stronger the gravitational pull.

Newton’s First Law An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law is often called "the law of inertia".

Newton’s Second Law Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object). Formula F=a(m)

Newton’s Third Law For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action.

The Earth- Vocabulary Axis- is the imaginary line from the North Pole through Earth to the South Pole. Rotation- The spinning of the Earth on its axis causes you to experience day and night. Orbit- The Earth moves along a path around the sun. (elliptical path) Revolution- The motion of Earth around the Sun. (elliptical movement)

How are the Laws of Motion related to Satellites movement Satellites that are launched into space have a great enough acceleration that the gravity of the Earth and the fact that the Earth is round just keeps the Satellite turning around the Earth in an orbit. As the gravity of the Earth try’s to pull the satellite to the Earth Inertia keeps the Satellite moving unless something was to get in its path. (It keeps moving in the same direction)

Earth’s Moon- phases

The goals of this lesson: I can explain how the position of the sun, moon and Earth produce moon phases. I can identify the phases of the moon.

How do moon phases occur The Sun is a source of light the moon gets in the way causing a shadow to be casted on the Earth.

Moon Phases-Activity

Moon Phases-Eclipses The goals of this lesson: I can explain how the position of the sun, moon, and Earth produce eclipses (solar and lunar). I can describe a solar eclipse. I can describe a lunar eclipse.

Vocabulary Eclipses- any interference between the light from the Sun and the object being illuminated. (The Moon frequently moves between the Earth and the Sun, blocking out the Sun’s rays.) Solar Eclipse- an event in which the shadow of the moon falls on the Earth’s surface. (The moon is between the sun and the Earth) Lunar Eclipse- an event in which the shadow of the Earth falls on the moon. (The Sun is between the moon and the Earth)

How does an eclipse occur?

Eclipses During a Solar Eclipse: Occurs during a New Moon and cast a shadow on the Earth During a Lunar Eclipse: Occurs during a Full Moon and the Earth cast a shadow on the Moon.

Our Solar System

The goals of this lesson: I can describe our solar systems place in the Milky Way Galaxy.

Vocabulary Solar System- The system composed of the sun (a star) and the planets and other bodies that travel around the sun. Galaxy- A large grouping of stars in space. Satellite- A natural or artificial body that revolves around a planet. AU (astronomical unit)- The average distance between the Earth and Sun, or approximately 150,000,000

Milky Way Galaxy Our own galaxy consists of about 200 billion stars, with our own Sun being a fairly typical specimen. It is a fairly large spiral galaxy and it has three main components: a disk, in which the solar system resides, a central bulge at the core, and an all encompassing halo.

The Earth- Some Facts Shape: Almost a perfect Sphere Mass: 5.98 x Kg Average distance from the sun: 149,600,000 km aprox. 92,584,307.6 miles Solar day: 24h Period of revolution (path around the sun) 1yr- 365 days, 6h, 9 mins.

Sputnick – 1 st in Space The first satellite in Space was called Sputnick. It was a 58cm(23 in) diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennae to broadcast radio pulses. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on October 4, 1957.

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