Chapter 11 Quiz Questions

Section 1: Work of Mendel 1. How are different forms of a gene passed to offspring? Gametes/sex cells are created Alleles/traits found within the gene Alleles are carried by the gametes Each gamete carries 1 allele

Section 2: Applying Mendel’s Principles 1. How do alleles segregate when more than 1 gene is involved? Segregate independently They will not affect the other gene or which characteristic will be chosen from the possible alleles 2. What did Mendel contribute to what we know about genetics? Principles of heredity Idea of dominant and recessive genes and alleles Genes passed down from parent Each parent has 2 copies of each gene and passes on 1 of those to offspring Alleles segregate independently

Section 3: Other Patterns 1. What are some exceptions to Mendel’s principles? Codominance: both physical traits appear in gene Incomplete Dominance: Neither allele is dominant over the other. Both will appear in some form Multiple Alleles: More than 2 possible traits for a gene Polygenic Traits: Traits controlled by more than 1 gene

Section 4: Meiosis 1. How many sets of genes are found in most adult organisms? 2 complete sets of genes You gain one complete set from each parent 2. What happens in each phase of Meiosis 1? Prophase 1: Chromosome pairs up with corresponding one Creates tetrad Metaphase 1: Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes Anaphase 1: Chromosomes move to opposite ends of cell Telophase 1: Nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes Cytokinesis 1: Cell splits into 2 cells

Section 4: Meiosis 3. What happens in each phase of meiosis 2? Prophase 2: Each daughter cell has half of original chromosome Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up attached to spindle Anaphase 2: Chromatids separate and move away Telophase 2 and Cytokinesis: 4 haploid cells created 4. How is Meiosis different from Mitosis? Mitosis: Asexual reproduction. Creates 2 identical daughter cells. Chromosome number does not change (2N). Meiosis: Sexual reproduction. Creates 4 different haploid cells. Chromosome number cut in half (N)