Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL SAND P Hawaii Energy Storage Seminar: Other Energy Storage Technologies Abbas Akhil Sandia National Laboratories Distributed Generation and Energy Storage (505) June 16, 2010

Candidate Technologies Commercially available now Suitable for Hawaii applications Flywheels Thermal Energy Storage Seawater Pumped Hydro

Flywheel Energy Storage Highly compatible with “power” applications such as frequency regulation Short, high power discharges of energy Frequent cycles: cycle life exceeds 100,000 during operational life Successful demonstrations in 20 MW sizes in California and New York grids Beacon Power: Provider of frequency regulation services on a merchant basis

Source: Beacon Power

20 MW Frequency Regulation Source: Beacon Power

Evolution of Flywheel Design Technology has come a long way!! Sandia Labs Test Flywheel, 1970’s Beacon Flywheel, Today

Thermal Energy Storage Ice is made during off-peak hours by existing/new chillers. It is used to cool in the afternoon, on-peak periods Primary benefits: Load shifting to off-peak hours Customer-side demand reduction Distributed storage On existing rooftops Central ice storage in large tanks

Ice Bear System Source: Ice Energy

Seawater Pumped Hydro Limited, but potentially high value applications in Hawaii grids 5 – 30 MW, 4 – 6 hours of storage Needs only 400 – 600 foot head Advantages: No impact on fresh water supplies Sites near coast may need minimal civil work Spinning reserve and system peak shaving Complements renewables, especially wind farms Reasonably commercial technology Does not have cycle life or depth-of-discharge limitations (of batteries)

Okinawa Seawater Pumped Storage Location - Okinawa Prefecture Operation Output - 30 MW Effective Head m (446 feet) Maximum Turbine Discharge - 26 m 3 /sec. Type - Embankment dam, Rubber sheet lining Gross Storage Capacity = 0.59X10 6 m 3 (approx 6 hrs of storage) Source: International Energy Agency

Okinawa Pumped Hydro Source: International Energy Agency

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Mahalo! Questions??