First Aid Day III Objectives The student will define and apply the term Triage The students will be able to assess and treat for Shock The students will be able to distinguish be the different Types of Bleeding The students will be able to identify and use the different types of Bandages and Dressings The students will be able to identify the different Types of Wounds The student will be able to assess and Care for Wounds SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e

First Aid Quiz I

Prioritizing Care More than 1 Victim (COPY) Triage: the process of prioritizing (to put in order) sick or injured people for treatment according to the seriousness of the condition or injury.

Prioritizing Care More than 1 Victim Triage (COPY) Immediate Care –Life-threatening emergencies –Immediate transport and advanced care Urgent Care –Care and transportation can be delayed up to one hour if necessary Delayed Care –Care and transportation for victims can be delayed up to 3 hours

SHOCK (COPY) –Care for shock Elevate legs Maintain normal body temp Shock Positions

Shock (COPY) Circulatory system fails to circulate oxygen-rich blood to cells throughout body. –Heart failure –Fluid loss –Respiratory

Shock Signs/Symptoms (COPY) Restlessness and altered mental status Pale, cold, or clammy skin Rapid breathing and heart rate Changes in responsiveness

Caring for Shock (COPY) 1. Activate EMS 2. Assess 3. Respond to other life-threatening emergencies 4. Place victim on back (shock positions) –Elevate legs and prevent body heat loss –Care for life-threatening emergencies

Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis (COPY) Shock caused by reaction to: medications, foods, insect stings, plants, radioactive dyes. Can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Call and use epinephrine if prescribed –Swollen face –Difficulty breathing –Tightness in chest or throat –Dizziness

BLEEDING Overview –Control bleeding: Direct pressure Elevate

Types of Bleeding (COPY) Arterial: –Spurting Venous –Gushing Capillary –Oozing Internal - bruising

Controlling External Bleeding (COPY) Direct Pressure –Fingers or palm of hand Elevate Body Part Pressure Bandage Pressure Points

Bandages and Dressings Dressings –Adhesive Strips –Trauma Dressings –Gauze Pads Bandages –Roller Bandages –Triangular Bandages

Internal Bleeding (COPY) Care for shock and call –Bruises and contusions –Painful, tender, rigid, bruised abdomen –Vomiting or coughing up blood –Stool that is black or contains blood

WOUNDS (COPY) Overview: Injuries to soft tissue –Open Wound –Impaled Object –Closed Wound –Amputation

Caring for Wounds (COPY) Open Wounds: Care for bleeding and infection are primary responsibilities. May need sutures Closed Wounds: Bleeding floods the inner tissue Potentially life-threatening: –Multiple wounds –Extensive size or depth

Care for Wounds cont… Wounds requiring medical attention –Arterial bleeding –Deep incision, laceration, or avulsion that; Goes into the muscle or bone Is located on a body part that bends (knee, elbow) Tends to gape widely Is located on thumb or palm (nerve damage) –Uncontrolled bleeding –A large or deep puncture wound

Care for Wounds cont… A large embedded object or a deeply embedded object of any size Foreign matter left in the wound Animal or human bite Possibility of a scar (needs sutures) Eyelid cut Split lip Internal bleeding Tetanus not current Uncertainty about how to treat

Specific Types of Wounds (COPY) Abrasions: –Top layer of skin rubbed or scraped away. –Little or no blood loss Puncture: –Deep and narrow –Object pierces through skin

Specific Wounds cont… (COPY) Incision: –Smooth cut or slice through one or more layers of skin Laceration: –Skin tissue and skin layers torn leaving rough or uneven edges

Specific Wounds cont… (COPY) Avulsion –Piece of skin is torn or left hanging from the body

Respond: Open Wounds (COPY) Control Bleeding –Direct pressure and elevation Clean Injury –Clean shallow wounds with soap and water –Do NOT clean deep wounds Bandage and Protect –Bandage and apply antibiotic ointment to minor wounds Sutures: Within 6-8 hours of injury leads to faster healing, reduces infection, and lessens scarring –Sutures not needed when Skin of cut edges fall together Shallow cuts less than one inch

Closed Wounds (COPY) Occurs when a blunt object strikes the body Skin is not broken, but tissue and blood vessels below surface are crushed, causing flooding with nearby tissue

Respond: Closed Wounds (COPY) Cool Area –Apply ice or cold pack to reduce swelling and bleeding Control Bleeding –Wrap with elastic bandage and elevate above level of heart Monitor and Care –Watch for possible fractures and/or other injuries

Impaled Objects (COPY) Usually extend into the fat, muscle, and other tissue Can cause severe bleeding if object penetrates a major blood vessel or organ

Respond: Impaled Object (COPY) Control Bleeding –Remove surrounding clothing –Place pressure around object to stop bleeding Stabilize Injury –Use bulky dressing –Do NOT remove object Bandage and Protect Activate EMS

Amputations (COPY) Cutting or tearing off of a body part Usually bleed heavily Activate EMS immediately

Respond: Amputations (COPY) Wrapped severed tissue in sterile gauze and keep it cold and dry by placing it in a sealed plastic bag and putting ice on it Control Bleeding –Direct pressure to wound Elevate Bandage and Protect –Sterile or clean dressing and bandage Transport tissue and victim to hospital

Respond Con’t: Amputations (COPY) Elevate Bandage and Protect –Sterile or clean dressing and bandage Transport tissue and victim to hospital

Wound Care Precautions (COPY) If wound involves metal –Tetanus shot may be necessary Avoid direct contact with blood Do NOT clean large or severe wounds Do NOT scrub a wound

Bell Ringer # 3 Summertime Blues Scenario #7 It is the middle of summer, Erin and Reba have decided to paint their house. They put on the radio and their swimming suits, heading outside to paint. When they are about finished with the first coat, Erin begins to feel faint. Reba checks her pulse, finding it to be weak and fast, but her skin is sweaty, and cool. What has happened to Erin, and what can be done to save her? Describe what steps you would take to help Erin and why you would take these actions.