First Aid Day 2 Objectives The student will be able to define, describe and perform the initial Victim Assessment The student will be able to define, describe and perform the Initial Check (Responsive and Unresponsive Victim) The student will be able to define, describe and perform the ABC Assessment The student will be able to define the acronym D-O-T-S The student will be able to describe and perform the different Rescuing and Moving techniques. SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e

VICTIM ASSESSMENT (COPY) Initial Check –Immediate life-threatening conditions Airway Breathing Circulation Physical Exam: D-O-T-S –Deformities –Open-Wounds –Tenderness –Swelling

VICTIM ASSESSMENT (COPY) Sample History (after check for life-threatening conditions) - Signs /symptoms –Allergies –Medications –Past medical history –Last oral intake –Events leading to injury or illness

Initial Check (COPY) Look for immediate life-threatening conditions After one minute call EMS if life is threatened

Responsive Victim (COPY) Has an open airway Is breathing Circulation present May suffer from an injury or illness

Unresponsive Victim (COPY) No movement Gently tap and shout “Are You OK?” Unconscious adult activate EMS immediately Check the ABCs of the Victim

Causes of an Airway Obstruction Abdominal thrusts if airway exchange is severely limited Severe wounds/burns that affect the airway can be life- threatening Examples –Airway obstruction or damage –Severe wounds or burns around the throat/mouth

Causes of Breathing Emergencies Examples of life-threatening breathing emergencies –Asthma/allergies –Chest or abdominal injuries

Causes of Circulation Concerns Interrupted when heart can’t –Adequately pump blood –Blood flow is insufficient –Blood vessels restrict blood from an area

Causes of Circulation Concerns (copy) Examples of threats to circulation –Pump: heart can’t beat effectively (heart attack) –Blood Flow: pressure insufficient (severe bleeding) –Blood Vessels: insufficient flow to vital organs (shock or stroke)

Physical Exam After checking for life-threatening injuries: –What you can see –What victim tells you –Head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities

Physical Exam – DOTS (copy) D-O-T-S –Deformities –Open Wounds –Tenderness –Swelling

S.A.M.P.L.E History Signs/Symptoms Allergies Medications Past Medical History Last Oral Intake Events Leading to Injury or Illness

RESCUING AND MOVING (COPY) Overview (See Handout) –Use good judgment –Keep yourself safe –Activate EMS

Moving Victims (COPY) Only move to protect from further harm or to provide special care (CPR). Stabilize any suspected bone, neck, or spinal injuries

Shoulder Drag (HDO) Short distance over a rough surface Stabilize victims head with forearms

Ankle Drag (HDO) Fastest method for short distance Over a smooth surface

Blanket Pull (HDO) Roll victim onto a blanket Pull from behind the victim’s head

One-Person Carry (HDO) Human Crutch Cradle Carry Firefighters Carry Pack Strap Carry Piggy Back Carry

Two Person Carries (HDO) Two-Person Assist Two-Handed Seat Carry Four-Handed Seat Carry Extremity Carry Chair Carry

RESCUING AND MOVING

Water Rescue (RTRG) (COPY) Only enter the water if professionally trained to do so –Reach: lightweight pole, ladder, long stick, clothing –Throw: use anything that floats-attached to rope –Row: rowboat, canoe, motor boat, boogie board –Go: use towel or board for victim to hang onto

Electrical Emergencies (COPY) Remove or inactivate (shut off) power source before attempting to assist a victim –Household power: Shut off fuse box, circuit breakers, or main switch, or unplug cord –High Voltage Lines: activate EMS and be sure police or power company have turned off power –Power Lines on Auto: Victims stay in car unless fire or explosion threatens life.

Hazardous Materials (COPY) Exists in industrial workplaces and crashes. Only trained personnel should enter if: –Signs Posted –Vapor clouds –Unusual odors –Spilled fluids

Motor Vehicle Crashes (COPY) Obligated to stop and assist when involved in an accident. –Assess victims: condition of victims Activate EMS Prioritize and provide care

Motor Vehicle Crashes (COPY) –Vehicles 1. Turn off the ignition 2. Switch on emergency flashers 3. Raise hood to draw attention –Avoid moving victims unless you need to in order to provide care or environment becomes unstable (unsafe)

Fire (COPY) Quickly direct others to safety Activate EMS Use an extinguisher or other method to stop small fire Maintain a clear escape route and keep a safe distance from fire –Maintain escape plan –Do not open hot doors –Stay low –Help others to escape

Confined Spaces (COPY) Not intended for human occupancy –Below ground Manholes, utility vaults, cisterns, wells –Ground level Industrial tanks, farm storage –Above ground Water towers, storage tanks

Quiz Next Class

Bell Ringer #2 An Assessment Scenario #2 Scenario #2 You are on break in the concession area. A young woman approaches you saying her friend is behaving very strangely. You and the woman approach the friend who is sitting down. She is conscious. Immediately you notice a medical identification bracelet on her wrist. Describe what steps you would take to help the young woman and why you would take these actions.