1 Script: N. Hawthorne Script: N. Hawthorne Editor: M. McLaughlin Editor: M. McLaughlin Producer: M. Hoffmeister Producer: M. Hoffmeister

2 THE PERIOD: ROMANTICISM The Romantic Age begins with Thomas Jefferson and the French Revolution in 1789…. The Romantic Age begins with Thomas Jefferson and the French Revolution in 1789….

3 THE PERIOD: ROMANTICISM And ends after the Civil War with Stephen Crane’s And ends after the Civil War with Stephen Crane’s THE RED BADGE OF THE RED BADGE OF COURAGE COURAGE

4 ELEMENTS OF ROMANTICISM 1. Idealism- slavery, women, education 2. Past-exotic, mysterious, esp Amer. past 3. Nature-ideal, teacher, noble savage 4.Imagination- extraordinary, emotion 5.Supernatural- Gothic, fear, terror 6.Frontier- unlimited, freedom

5 IrvingIrving: Use of America's past including folktales, popular myths, picturesque and sublime settings PoePoe: Use of Gothic settings, themes, and characters; interest in dreams and other threshold states, and in sensitive individuals' propensities to madness MelvilleMelville: Plumbing of the dark depths of the human mind, antipathy to authority, celebration of individual striving and sympathetic nurturing HAWTHORNE and the other ROMANTIC WRITERS Comparisons/Connections

6 HAWTHORNE and the other ROMANTIC WRITERS EmersonEmerson: Celebration of striving toward self- fulfillment, criticism of hereditary privilege, egalitarian vision StoweStowe: The "damned mob of scribbling women": Celebration of women's capacities for dignity and heroism, religious piety JamesJames: Sensitive hero/narrator; psychological scrutiny; unresolved

7 THE AUTHOR: NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE ( ) 1. The Scarlet Letter (1850) 2. The House of the Seven Gables (1851) 3. The Blithedale Romance (1852) 4. The Marble Faun (1860) 5. Twice-Told Tales (1837, 1851) 6. Mosses from an Old Manse (1846, 1854) 7. The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales (1852) 8. The Life of Franklin Pierce (1852) 9. "Chiefly About War Matters" (1862) 10. Our Old Home: A Series of English Sketches (1863) 11. The Whole History of Grandfather's Chair (1840) 12. A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys (1852) 13. Tanglewood Tales (1853)

8 CONCORD, MA - HOME OF NEW ENGLAND AUTHORS Only home owned by Nathaniel Hawthorne He called it The Wayside, the name by which it is still known Louisa May Alcott’s family also owned this house, Hillside; she wrote LITTLE WOMEN Later by Margaret Sydney-FIVE LITTLE PEPPERS The Wayside Nat’l Hist. Landmark only one in US lived in by 3 literary families

9 CONCORD, MA-HOME OF THE NEW ENGLAND AUTHORS After Bowdoin College, Hawthorne spent 15 years in solitude learning to be a writer. After Bowdoin College, Hawthorne spent 15 years in solitude learning to be a writer.

10 HAWTHORNE IN SALEM Born in 1804 in Salem Graduated Bowdoin Retires home to learn craft for years Joins Thoreau/Emerson at Brook Farm-utopianism Married Sophia Peabody at age 38 Employed at Custom House ( ) 1850-THE SCAR.LETTER American Consul in London

11 HAWTHORNE IN SALEM Reads and studies English Lit. and American history, esp local and family history Reads and studies English Lit. and American history, esp local and family history Obsessed with sin/guilt. Hawthorne is a pessimist by nature Obsessed with sin/guilt. Hawthorne is a pessimist by nature Dark side of human nature. Dark side of human nature.

12 HAWTHORNE IN SALEM Hawthorne's Ancestors  Great Great Grandfather: Major William Hawthorne - emigrated from England  Great Grandfather Colonel John Hawthorne - Judge at Salem Witch Trials  Grandfather: Hawthorne - Sea Captain  Father: Nathaniel Hawthorne - Sea Captain  Nathaniel Hawthorne

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