“But I need that class to graduate.”

Background Owen Nicholas Skriloff 20 + years of software development Masters degree in Systems Engineering Java and Microsoft Certified Senior Developer for Registrar product for 10 years Here is my Family

Agenda  Introductions  The Problem set  History of enrolling student in classes  Comparison of different MBA school solutions  History of Darden Solutions and Clients  Demo

Introductions Darden School of Business at UVa Offers MBA, EMBA, GEMBA (2 Year programs) Have about 330 MBA, 50 EMBA students per class year Please ask questions

The Problem You have mostly type-A personality students across multiple programs in your MBA school. They are all paying between 40K-60K/year to be at the school. There are important classes and teachers that they all want. About 20% of those classes will have more demand than capacity. You need to reserve certain seats for certain students and allow some students precedence over others, all while making the whole process as fair as you can make it. How do you do it? How do you reduce randomness? How do you rival Ebay? What kind of work would be created by the type of solution you choose?

History Take a number? What letter does your name start with? Are you first year or second year? You get to choose two? Order your classes for us?

History

History Continued Students are used to doing things online Expectation of fast, fair and easy We need something better watch?v=c8g4Ztf7hIM#t= 0m31s watch?v=c8g4Ztf7hIM#t= 0m31s People want high tech

Bidding Each student is given a set of bid points Bid points allow for a student show their interest in a course and priority across all courses Bid points allow the registrar to gauge demand In some cases the previous year’s clearing price is shown to students In some cases student’s set the clearing price

Bidding Philosophy Reduce randomness Allow students access to last year’s clearing prices.

Schools surveyed

Phases Phase is a period of time in which a student can take action on a course of interest Those possible actions for a course are bidding, swapping, dropping, wait-listing and/or adding.

High Level Comparison MBA SchoolNumber of students that use system Programs of students Percentage of high demand Number of phases for enrollment Chicago Booth 2900 Regular 550 EMBA Full Time, Evening, Weekend 22%6 phases per semester UVA Darden 600 MBA 120 MBAE, 80 dual degree Full Time, EMBA, GEMBA 22%6 phases all year (additional 12) MIT Sloan Alternate 500/1000 Full Time, MIT only 32%4 phases per semester Northwestern Kellogg 300 EMBA 300 Full time International, EMBA, MBA 10%2 phases per year Penn Wharton 835 MBA and EMBA MBA<30%8 phases Q1 10 phases Q2 New York Columbia EMBA 400 MBA 1400 Full Time, EMBA EMBA 10% MBA 35% Per program 5 phases / term

Academic Year From Sept 2011 to May of 2012 Fall Spring Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Background before we cover each individually Most full time MBA students are pre-enrolled into their first year courses Most of the schools allow their second year students to bid for their courses (electives) Degree requirements can usually be satisfied by more than one particular course All of them rarely have a situation where any student “needs a class to graduate” All integrate with the central university system by automated processes Not looking to say any one way is better than another Sometime before the beginning of the quarter or semester there will be 3-10 phases of different types (e.g. bidding, add/drop, waitlists, swapping)

Chicago Booth School MBA SchoolNumber of students Programs of students Percentage of high demand Number of phases for enrollment Chicago Booth 2900 Regular 550 EMBA Full Time, Evening, Weekend 22%6 phases per semester Four quarters per year they have phases going 37 weeks/yFor each quarter, there are 6 Phases with usually 4 before the start of the quarterPhase 1 = Bidding, home-program sections onlyPhase 2 = Bidding with dropping, home-program sections only, 100% point refunds for dropsPhase 3= Bidding with dropping, all sections, 100% point refunds for dropsPhase 4= Bidding with dropping, all sections, 100% point refunds for dropsPhase 5= Bidding with dropping, all sections, 0% point refunds for drops; generate waitlistPhase 6= Add/Drop, 0% point refunds for drops; auto-waitlist promotion

Darden School MBA SchoolNumber of students Programs of students Percentage of high demand Number of phases for enrollment UVA Darden 600 MBAFull Time, EMBA, GEMBA 22%6 phases all year (additional 12) Second Year have 4 quarters per year ( FY have 7 terms) (GEMBA Modules)When a first year student reaches their 4 th quarter they begin their biddingPhase 1 = Bidding with 100% refundPhase 2 = Bidding with 100% refundPhase 3, 4, 5, 6 = Add/Drop in Quarters 1, 2, 3, & 4

MIT Sloan MBA SchoolNumber of students Programs of students Percentage of high demand Number of phases for enrollment MIT Sloan Alternate 500/1000 Full Time, MIT only 32%4 phases per semester They have 2 semesters per yearWhen a first year student reaches their 4 th quarter they begin their bidding SIP bidding for Fall and Spring with two bidding phases and an add/drop round. Regular Fall and Spring bidding for two bidding rounds, waitlist round, and section swap round

Northwestern Kellogg MBA SchoolNumber of students Programs of students Percentage of high demand Number of phases for enrollment Northwestern Kellogg 300 EMBA 300 Full time International, EMBA, MBA 10%2 phases per year In the Executive MBA program, our students only “bid” on their elective courses for their second year. Most cases capacity is not an issueThey have a single round of bidding and then add/drop.

Wharton MBA SchoolNumber of students Programs of students Percentage of high demand Number of phases for enrollment Penn Wharton 835 MBAMBA<30%8 phasesQ1 10 phasesQ2 Student name the price they want to sell the course forNo one runs out of points completelyBid for only elective courses

Columbia MBA SchoolNumber of students Programs of students Percentage of high demand Number of phases for enrollment New York Columbia EMBA 400 MBA 1400 Full Time, EMBA EMBA 10% MBA 35% Per program 5 phases / term Four terms per yearFor each term, there 5 phasesPhase 1,2,3 = Bidding,Phase 4 = Waitlist RoundPhase 5= Add/Drop, auto-waitlist promotion

Summary No one way is better than another Informative how different schools have chosen to answer “What is fair course allocation?”

History of Darden Solutions and Clients 1997 Consortium and Bake-off MBA students require a concierge level of service Started a business but the apps were not enterprise ready Rewrote all – started in ColdFusion, then converted to Java Registrar being used by some schools

History of Darden Solutions and Clients Previous clients Present clients Website Moving forward, there are opportunities for partners to join the Registrar consortium of schools and continue to improve the application and share its costs

Important Entity Relationships Course Offering overview Available are ERD of OLR and ERD of EvaluationsERD of OLR ERD of Evaluations

Demo What is fair? Reducing randomness. Bidding Demo (Course Offering Period, Courses, Program Versions, Programs, Phases) Concentrate on Phases Add/drop

Conclusions We started with the problem and have seen how different business schools have answered the question Would you feel more in control of your destiny with bidding or the line? Where would this fit in at your school?