Pop quiz… What or who are the Sans Culotte? A.Apparel worn by women in the 1940's B.A Parisian ‘working class’ revolutionary group C.A woman running naked through the streets of revolutionary Paris D.Working-class scum that should never have been included in a history book Reference: Patricia Walsh All-round intellectual

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION UNIT 3 AREA OF STUDY 2: CREATING A NEW SOCIETY The National Convention

Where were we… Radical reaction to impending Austrian attack leads to September Massacres (2 – ) 1600 killed barbarically in and around Parisian prisons. Anyone seen as anti-revolutionary was in danger With every able bodied man marching of to war, and with Austrian and Prussian forces struggling through disease and illness, France conquered their enemy at the Battle of Valmy (September ) By 6 November 1792, the Austrian Army were defeated and the French captured most of Belgium This was followed by declaration of War on England, Holland and Spain in early 1793 ‘Let the blood of the traitors be the first holocaust to liberty, so that as we advance to meet the common enemy, we have got nothing behind us to threaten us.’ (Fabre d’Eglantine. Actor, dramatist) Verdun

La Marseillaise In 1792 the song that would become the French national anthem was written ‘La Marseillaise’ was first sung by volunteers for the war effort from Marseilles in 1792, and was adopted officially as by the National Convention as the anthem in &feature=iv&src_vid=ipn9Uf7RG1k&v=laWIjgWDesEhttp:// 2861&feature=iv&src_vid=ipn9Uf7RG1k&v=laWIjgWDesE

Explain why the National Convention came into existence List the three dominant groups in the National Convention Explain the differences in policy between the Girondins and La Montagne Explain the role of La Marais Learning Intention: Understand the composition of the National Convention and its challenges

French revolutionary Assemblies: A summary NATIONAL ASSEMBLY JULY Third estates members and some nobility and clergy. Created during Estates-General Known as National Constituent Assembly as of July LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY October As a result of constitution of 1791, France becomes a constitutional Monarchy Divided between radical republicans, moderates and constitutional monarchists NATIONAL CONVENTION September Created after the deposition of the King and the invasion of the Tuileries, it is heavily influenced by popular movement Divided between Montagnards, moderates and the Girondins

The National Convention Deposition of King made Constitution of 1791 unworkable – Take on name National Convention 21 September 1792 the National Convention first met: -Composition: Dominated by middle class, lawyers, civil servants, radical writers (Marat), some Sans-Cullote and Peasants -All republicans (after 10 August 1792 monarchists and constitutional monarchists disappeared from assembly) Two great challenges: -Ongoing war and poverty in parts of France -Dealing with the split between the Girondins and the Montagnards -The fate of Louis XVI

The National Convention Radical Revolutionaries ‘La Montagne’ (The Mountain) ‘La Marais’ (The Plain) Independent Deputies Girondins ‘Moderate’ Revolutionaries 300 deputies Dominated by Jacobins and Cordeliers (included Dantonists): Robespierre, Danton, Marat, Hebert, Roux Supported the Insurrectionary Commune 250 deputies Uncommitted majority (Sieyes and Gregiore) Distrusted popular movement Responded issue by issue 180 deputies Opposed jounree of August Supported federalism: The right of provinces to run their own affairs Condorcet, Brissot, Roland This National Assembly officially abolished the monarchy and proclaimed France a Republic

The Girondins and the Montagnards: a ‘T’ chart GIRONDINSMONTAGNARDS Sought to protect provinces from radical policies from the capital Drew support from Parisian Sans- Cullote and Insurrectionary commune Wanted a stable federalist movement Believed in strong centralised government Opposed savagery of popular movement Robespierre believed popular movement uprising were direct democracy: General will Wanted free economic trade 12 February 1793: Pass ‘Law of the Maximum’, to regulate price of essential goods The power of direction of the National Convention therefore depended on their ability to convince the plain

Mix and Match Place each dot point under the appropriate group in the National Convention Dominated by Jacobins and Cordeliers (included Dantonists) Sought to protect provinces from radical policies from the capital Believed in strong centralised government Supported the Insurrectionary Commune Wanted a stable federalist movement Opposed jounree of August February 1793: Pass ‘Law of the Maximum’, to regulate price of essential goods Wanted free economic trade Supported federalism: The right of provinces to run their own affairs Opposed savagery of popular movement Drew support from Parisian Sans-Cullote and Insurrectionary commune Members included Condorcet, Brissot, Roland Believed popular movement uprising was direct democracy: General will

Mix and Match answers

Why did the National Convention come into existence? Which three groups dominated the National Convention Why was their conflict between the Girondins and La Montagne What was the role of La Marais Understand the composition of the National Convention and its challenges Text book reference: pp