EQ: How did the Industrial Revolution begin in Europe? Key Terms: Agricultural Revolution, enclosure, cottage industry, textiles, factory system

Changes in the British Economy Agricultural Revolution Started by the Enclosure Movement wealthy landowners buy up land, enclosed w/ fences or hedges tenants forced to move to cities

Results of Experiments Crop Rotation Rotate crops: certain crops returned nutrients to the soil Selective Breeding Allowed only best animals to breed----led to more food Better farming techniques led to more food England’s population increased, demand for more goods

Industrial Revolution started in England Large population—more workers Extensive natural resources Water power and coal Iron ore: make tools, machines, and buildings Rivers: transportation Harbors Growing Economy Businessmen invested in industry

Political Stability No wars fought on English soil Parliament passed laws to encourage and protect business Britain had all factors of production—land, labor, and capital These factors all led to the Industrial Revolution, when more products were machine-made

The first area of production to become industrialized was textiles (cloths) John Kay: Flying Shuttle (1733)  doubled work a weaver could do

James Hargreaves: Spinning Jenny (1764)  1 spinner work 8 threads at a time

Edmund Cartwright: Power Loom (1787)  sped up weaving

Results of Inventions Factory System Machines were bulky and expensive Took out of house (domestic system) wealthy merchants set machines up in factories built near water at first