* For those free of cancer at beginning of age interval. Source: DevCan: Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version Statistical Research and Applications Branch, NCI, Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer, Men, * † All Sites exclude basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ cancers except urinary bladder. SiteRisk All sites † 1 in 2 Prostate 1 in 6 Lung and bronchus1 in 13 Colon and rectum1 in 18 Urinary bladder ‡ 1 in 27 Melanoma1 in 41 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma1 in 46 Kidney1 in 59 Leukemia1 in 67 Oral Cavity1 in 71 Stomach1 in 88 ‡ Includes invasive and in situ cancer cases

Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer, Women, US, * SiteRisk All sites † 1 in 3 Breast 1 in 8 Lung & bronchus 1 in 16 Colon & rectum 1 in 19 Uterine corpus 1 in 41 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1 in 53 Melanoma 1 in 61 Ovary 1 in 71 Pancreas 1 in 76 Urinary bladder ‡ 1 in 85 Uterine cervix 1 in 142 Source: DevCan: Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version Statistical Research and Applications Branch, NCI, * For those free of cancer at beginning of age interval. † All Sites exclude basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ cancers except urinary bladder. ‡ Includes invasive and in situ cancer cases

All Sites Breast (female) Colon Esophagus Leukemia Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Oral cavity Prostate Rectum Urinary bladder Uterine cervix Uterine corpus Cancer Survival*(%) by Race, *5-year relative survival rates based on cancer patients diagnosed from 1996 to 2003 and followed through Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, , Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Site White Absolute Difference African American

Trends in Five-year Relative Survival (%)* Rates, US, *5-year relative survival rates based on follow up of patients through Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, , Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Site All sites Breast (female) Colon Leukemia Lung and bronchus Melanoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Ovary Pancreas23 5 Prostate Rectum Urinary bladder747881

Cancer Death Rates* in Children 0-14 Years by Sex, US, *Per 100,000, age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. ONS = Other nervous system Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, , Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, SiteMaleFemale Total All sites Leukemia Acute Lymphocytic Brain/ONS Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Soft tissue Bone and Joint Kidney and Renal pelvis

CELL DIVISION DNA Synthesis – Duplication of chromosomes DNA Synthesis – Duplication of chromosomes Growth after division The time when cells differentiate Longest phase Growth after division The time when cells differentiate Longest phase Growth, preparing for division Division Growth after division The time when cells differentiate Longest phase Growth after division The time when cells differentiate Longest phase Division stops when the cell reaches it’s function

CELLULAR REPRODUCTION STEM CELL Normal, fully differentiated cells with special functions, fixed life span and slow (or no) growth.

CANCER REPRODUCTION Continuous reproduction of poorly differentiated highly malignant cancer cells.

CELLULAR REPRODUCTION STEM CELL Continuous reproduction of moderately differentiated moderately malignant cancer cells.

CELLULAR REPRODUCTION STEM CELL Continuous reproduction of well differentiated low malignant cancer cells.

Chemicals Viruses X-rays Radioactive Materials ENVIRONMENT

Chemicals Occupational Life-style Water ENVIRONMENT

Chemicals Occupational Life-style Smoking Dietary ENVIRONMENT

Smoked, pickled, cured High in nitrates Cooked at high temps High Fat ENVIRONMENT

Chemicals Occupational Life-style Water ENVIRONMENT

Viruses Papovirsuses Adenoviruses Herpesviruses B-type viruses C-type Viruses ENVIRONMENT

Chemicals Viruses X-rays Radioactive Materials Oxidative Stress ENVIRONMENT

Diseases Immune System defects GENETICS

Breast 1 in 5 vs. 1 in 12 Stomach Colon 20x Uterine Prostate Lung GENETICS

Diseases Xeroderma pigmentosum Franconi's Anemia Bloom's Syndrome Garner's Syndrome Ataxia Telangiectasia GENETICS

CARCINOGENESIS

COLON CANCER Mortality Ratio Job Level Vena et al. Am J Clin Nutr 45: , 1987

Normal Colon Cancer Patient McTiernan et al. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers Prevention 15: , 2006

COLON CELL PROLIFERATION AND EXERCISE

BREAST CANCER Mortality Ratio Job Level Vena et al. Am J Clin Nutr 45: , 1987

Irwin, ML, et al. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 95: , 2006 MAMMOGRAPHIC DENSITY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY McTiernan, et al. Cancer Research 64: , 2004.

REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

EPIDEMIOLOGY: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND CANCER

IMMUNE FUNCTION

Mustain, KM, et al Support Care Cancer 14: , 2006.