The Digital Journal Collection in Libraries -what Libraries Are doing -Impact on Scientists Carol Tenopir University of Tennessee

2 Percentages of Acquisitions Dollars Devoted to Electronic Resources several libraries reported over 20% spent for electronic resources. Source: ARL Statistics and Supplementary Statistics

3 A SSOCIATION OF R ESEARCH L IBRARIES ARL Libraries Comparison of Yearly Increases in Electronic Resources and Total Materials Expenditures Average Counts  446.9% increase in dollars spent for Electronic Resources between 1992 and 2000  49.4% increase in dollars spent for Total Library Materials between 1992 and 2000 Source: ARL Statistics and Supplementary Statistics Comparison of Annual Increases in Electronic Resources & Total Materials Expenditures

4 Libraries are spending more on serials, but are they getting more?

5 Average Price Per Title: Science Journals Sources: Library Journal, April 15, 2000, and April 15, 2002.

6 Serial & Monograph Expenditures Source: Monograph and Serial Costs in ARL Libraries. Accessed September 30, 2002.

7 Serial & Monograph Purchases Source: Monograph and Serial Costs in ARL Libraries. Accessed September 30, 2002.

8 Print and Electronic Subscriptions Source: Montgomery and King, “Comparing Library and User Related Costs of Print and Electronic Journal Collections” in D-Lib October Available at

9 Print & Electronic Serial Titles in Australian Academic Libraries Source: CAUL Statistics Print and Electronic Titles Electronic Titles Printer Electronic 232,684 25% 703,785 75% Individual Electronic Serial Titles Titles Within a Single Publishers Collection Titles Within aggregations 38,442 5% 50,387 7% 614,956 88%

10 Two Main Models  Journal Model  Article Model

11 Sources of Readings Scientists appear to be reading from more journals—at least one article per year from approximately 23 journals, up from 13 in the late 1970s and 18 in the mid-1990s. % and amount of readings from separate copies use of personal subscriptions

12  Core journals – browse and search by title, journal title search by title, journal title important important  Peripheral journals – search by topic, read by topic not by topic, read by topic not journal title journal title

13 Scholarly Publishing at the Crossroads SPARC Society Publishers Commercial Publishers BioMed Central Institutional Repositories E-Print Service Self-Archives

14 Electronic Articles Reading Paper Other e- E-prints E-journals

15 Time Spent and Number of Articles Read

16 Valued Attributes of Journals  Authority (peer review)  Quality (editorial)  Accessibility (distribution)  Longevity (archiving)  Priority of discoveries and recognition (from author’s perspective)

17 Multiple Co-existing Alternatives Print journals E-journals with many links Articles databases (aggregators) E-print servers Authors’ web sites Institutional repositories