Indoor positioning and navigation with camera phones A. Mulloni et al., Graz Univ. of Tech., IEEE Pervasive Computing, pp , 2009.

S FT YONSEI UNIV. KOREA 16 Contents Introduction Conference Guide Application Comparison of localization techniques Experiment Result Experiences from real-world deployment Usefulness Conclusion

S FT YONSEI UNIV. KOREA 16 Introduction GPS-based navigation systems –Only outdoors –Required satellite links –Indoor : blocked or unreliable Real-time marker-based tracking of position system –GPS-like real-time localization –Location awareness Testing real-world conditions 2

S FT YONSEI UNIV. KOREA 16 Conference Guide Application Location-based conference guide –Sparse tracking –Markers to a manageable size Signpost –Combines a conference calendar and navigation system –Calendar : day or conference session, or using full-text –Live RSS updates –Can plan their fastest route(from the current location) System –Studierstube ES framework –Windows mobile phone –Impact the Battery life 3

S FT YONSEI UNIV. KOREA 16 3D overview –For large event –Multiple maps Step for deploying the system to new location –Create a map and database of marker locations –Deploy markers on site –Create a new software release 4 Conference Guide Application

S FT YONSEI UNIV. KOREA 16 Comparison of localization techniques No localization and continuous localization –A digital map with no localization –Continuous real-time localization(GPS-based navigation systems) Experiment –Environment 20 users (half male and half female) diverse cultural backgrounds varying expertise in technology between 20 and 34 years old(average 25) –3-Condition no-localization discrete localization continuous-localization 5

S FT YONSEI UNIV. KOREA 16 Experiment 6 No-localization condition –a digital map viewer –finger touch screen –access each floor’s maps using keypad shortcuts on the phone –start and destination points(all condition) Discrete localization condition –marker-based solution –each marker’s position as a red dot –updated the user’s detected position and orientation Continuous-localization condition –not available GPS(indoor) –used “Wizard of OZ”

S FT YONSEI UNIV. KOREA 16 Result Rank the three conditions –(1) easy to use –(2) easy to learn –(3) requires little attention –(4) make me confident I know where I am (a) Average ranking of the three localization systems (b) Statistical significance of pair-wise differences 7

S FT YONSEI UNIV. KOREA 16 Experiences from real-world deployment Signpost at four international conferences –MEDC 2007 –Microsoft Tech Ed 2007 –TechReady6 –TechReady7 MEDC 2007 –34 anonymous questionnaires –1(strongly disagree) ~ 7(strongly agree) TechReady7 –64 users questionnaires –1(useless) ~ 5(useful) 8

S FT YONSEI UNIV. KOREA 16 Usefulness 3D overview map –Not very helpful –Eye-candy Small screen Navigation Tracking accuracy Fiduciary markers 9

S FT YONSEI UNIV. KOREA 16 Conclusion Signpost –The first indoor navigation system –Deployed at several large-scale venues successfully –Now commercial product Future works –Compare this guidance system with paper maps –integrating online marketing campaign material Goal –Conference guide –Generic system for indoor navigation. 10

S FT YONSEI UNIV. KOREA 16 Marker based local awareness system Map –Without GPS sensor –Available feature phone Recommendation –Marker-based LBS –User’s interesting –Shopping mall –Department store 11