Human Body SUMS 3

Kit Objectives  Observe and investigate the human skeletal and muscle systems.  Become aware of the versatility of movement provided by an articulated skeleton.  Gain experience with the use of photographs, diagrams, and model bones to gather information.  Build mechanical models to demonstrate how muscles are responsible for human movement.  Compare the bones and muscles in their own bodies to photographs and models.  Investigate response time of hands and feet.  Develop an awareness of human bone and muscle structure and function and an appreciation for the versatility of the human body.  Acquire the vocabulary associated with the human skeletal and muscle systems.  Use scientific thinking processes to conduct investigations and build explanations: observing, communicating, comparing, and organizing.

Science Inquiry Based Approach Ask and answer questions.Ask and answer questions. Plan and conduct simple investigations.Plan and conduct simple investigations. Employ tools to gather data.Employ tools to gather data. Use data to conduct reasonable explanations.Use data to conduct reasonable explanations. Communicate investigations and explanations.Communicate investigations and explanations. Understand that scientists use different kinds of investigations and tools to develop explanations using evidence and knowledge.Understand that scientists use different kinds of investigations and tools to develop explanations using evidence and knowledge.

Vocabulary JointsPelvisTriceps SkeletonHinge JointExtend CartilageBall-And-SocketLigament SternumGliding JointCramp FemurFixed JointsMuscle Tone SkullFuseStrained StirrupSutureSprain SuturesMusclesCoordination RadiusContractStimulus UlnaBicepsResponse HumerousTendons ScapulasFlex

Investigation 1: BonesInvestigation 1: Bones Investigation 2: JointsInvestigation 2: Joints Investigation 3: MusclesInvestigation 3: Muscles Investigation 4: CoordinationInvestigation 4: Coordination InvestigationsInvestigations

Sunshine State Standards SCF – knows that the human body is made of systems with structures and functions that are related.SCF – knows that the human body is made of systems with structures and functions that are related. SCH – knows that it is important to keep accurate records and descriptions to provided information and clues on causes of discrepancies in repeated experiments.SCH – knows that it is important to keep accurate records and descriptions to provided information and clues on causes of discrepancies in repeated experiments. SCH – knows that a model of something is different from the real thing, but can be used to learn something about real life.SCH – knows that a model of something is different from the real thing, but can be used to learn something about real life.

Kit Organization and Materials  All kits will now be stored and maintained at each school site.  Your school will have to cover the cost of replacing items in the kit not NEFEC.  Take inventory of all the items in the kit before using it. If something is missing check with the teacher who used the kit before you.

Investigation 1: Part 1 Bones Counting Bones Observe your partner jumping ropeObserve your partner jumping rope Record in your journal what observations you have.Record in your journal what observations you have. Journal Questions: Do your bones move when you jump?Do your bones move when you jump? Where are your bones?Where are your bones? How can you tell where your bones are?How can you tell where your bones are? What do you call the whole system of bones?What do you call the whole system of bones? How many bones do you think you have in your skeleton?How many bones do you think you have in your skeleton?

Investigation 1: Part 1 Bones In your journal, write down how many bones you think are in your leg, arm, head, and torso. Journal Questions: How do your bones feel? How do your bones feel? If bones are hard, how does our body bend? If bones are hard, how does our body bend? Word Bank: bones, cartilage, joint, skeleton, skull, torso

Investigation 1: Part 2 Bones Mr. Bones Puzzle Put together the Mr. Bones puzzle without looking at anything to guide you. Compare your puzzle with another group’s puzzle. Complete Bones Response Sheet Read Science Story - ”The Broken Radius”

Investigation 1: Part 3 Bones Owl Pellets Read Science Story – “Barn Owl” Work In Pairs Owl Pellet Procedures: a.Unwrap the foil and remove the pellet. b.Observe the whole pellet. Notice the shape, color, and texture of the pellet. Write and draw your observations on your observation sheet. c.Gently separate the pellet into pieces. d.Remove the bones from the fur using toothpicks.

Investigation 1: Part 1 Bones Journal Questions: How are these animal bones similar to human bones? How are these animal bones similar to human bones? How are these animal bones different from human bones? How are these animal bones different from human bones? Use the Rodent Identification Sheet to sort the collection of bones that you have. Tape your bones to the paper.

Investigation 2: Part 1 Joints Looking at Thumb Joints Journal Questions: Each hand has 14 joints. Can you find them? Each hand has 14 joints. Can you find them? How is the thumb different from the other fingers? How is the thumb different from the other fingers? Tape your thumb securely to your index finger. Complete Thumb Joints sheet. Read Science Story - “Your Amazing Opposable Thumb”

Investigation 2: Part 1 Joints Journal Questions: Which tasks were hard to do? Which tasks were hard to do? What made them hard? What made them hard? How did you solve the problem? How did you solve the problem? How did you feel when you ran into a hard task? How did you feel when you ran into a hard task? What are the advantages of an opposable thumb? What are the advantages of an opposable thumb? Word Bank: joint, articulated, opposable thumb, and immobilize

Investigation 2: Part 2 Joints Doing Joint Tasks Tape craft sticks to fingers (T.E. pg. 14). Complete task cards (Newspaper and Bracelet Tasks). Journal Question: What physical features allow us to perform intricate everyday tasks? What physical features allow us to perform intricate everyday tasks? Read Science Story - “Bones on the Outside”

Investigation 2: Part 3 Joints Naming Joints Journal Questions: Are all joints the same? Are all joints the same? Do they all move the same way? Do they all move the same way? Types of Joints Hinge Joint (hand) – gate hinge Ball-and-Socket Joint (shoulder/hips) – spoon and mallet Gliding Joints – (fingers)

Investigation 2: Part 3 Joints Label 3 types of joints on Mr. Bones using sticky notes. Word Bank: compensate, ball-and socket joint, hinge joint, gliding joint Journal Question: Are all joints in the human skeleton the same? Are all joints in the human skeleton the same?

Investigation 2: Part 4 Joints Comparing Bones Observe rodent and chicken bones. Complete the Bone Observation sheet.

Investigation 3: Part 1 Muscles Making a Leg Model Journal Questions: We know bones don’t move by themselves, so how do you suppose bones move? We know bones don’t move by themselves, so how do you suppose bones move? What do we have in our bodies that provided the power to move our bones? What do we have in our bodies that provided the power to move our bones? Journal Notes: Feel the muscles in your body. Muscles are responsible for all movements of the body. Feel the muscles in your body. Muscles are responsible for all movements of the body. There are 605 skeletal muscles that play a part in moving the body. There are 605 skeletal muscles that play a part in moving the body.

Investigation 3: Part 1 Muscles Look at leg muscle transparency. Display leg and foot poster. Lay the muscle transparency over the bones to show how the tendons of the muscle attaches to the bones. Find Working Muscles  Flex the arm at the elbow.  Open and close the hand.  Work the jaw as if chewing.  Bring a knee up to the waist. Make leg models using dowel rods and rubber bands (T.E. pg.9).

Investigation 3: Part 1 Muscles Journal Questions: What do muscles do when they work? What do muscles do when they work? What happens when muscles contract? What happens when muscles contract? How do muscles attach to bones? How do muscles attach to bones? Word Bank: tissue, muscle, contract, and tendon

Investigation 3: Part2 Muscles Making a Thumb Model Make a thumb model using craft sticks and string (T.E. pg. 16) Read Science Story - “Space Race” Bring out the arm and hand poster. Place the arm muscle transparency over the poster to show how the muscle attaches to bones with tendons. Complete “Muscles Response Sheet” Word Bank: ligament

Investigation 3: Part 3 Muscles Making an Arm Model Using dowel rods, paper clips, and rubber bands construct a model of the arm (T.E. pg. 20). Read Science Story - “The Frozen Man” Complete Muscle Action Sheet

Investigation 4: Part 1 Coordination Stimulus/Response Assemble A Falling-Cup Device (T.E. pg. 9) a.Snap a lid (with hole) on a cup (with hole). b.Slide a long dowel (not the dowel with holes) through the holes in the cup. The cup should slide freely on the dowel. c.Hold the dowel in a vertical position on a desk top with the cup bottom side up. d. Attach a binder clip to the dowel above the cup to limit how high the cup can be raised above the desktop. Attach a Vision Barrier a.Cut standard sheets of paper in half. b.Tape the paper to one side of the cup.

Investigation 4: Part 1 Coordination Journal Notes: When all of these systems work together to provide movement, it is called coordination. When sensory input triggers an action, that input is a stimulus. Types of stimuli: Hot and Cold Pain Touch Light Sound Smell Taste

Investigation 4: Part 1 Coordination Demonstrate the Falling Cup (T.E. pg. 11) Journal Questions: Do you think he/she will be able to get her hand out of the way when she sees the cup start to fall? Do you think he/she will be able to get her hand out of the way when she sees the cup start to fall? What was the stimulus that started he/she moving their hand out of the way? What was the stimulus that started he/she moving their hand out of the way?

Investigation 4: Part 1 Coordination The action of moving the cup out of the way is a response. Adjust drop distance and practice with your partner. Try both right and left hands. Complete Stimulus Response Sheet Word Bank: coordination, stimulus, response, and response time

Investigation 4: Part 2 Coordination Journal Questions: Did practice make a significant difference in response time? Did practice make a significant difference in response time? If so, why do you think it did? If so, why do you think it did? What factors besides practice might affect response time? What factors besides practice might affect response time? Read Science Story - “Smart Training”

Investigation 4: Part 3 Coordination Attach Response Timer to a dowel rod. Match the starting position end of the strip wit the end of the dowel rod (T.E. pg. 21) To use the response timer, one person hold the timer (dowel) and another person gets ready to catch it. The number represents the 100ths of a second it took to respond. Let students practice with a partner and record their results on the Timing Responses sheet.

Investigation 4: Part 3 Coordination Journal Questions: Which hand had a quicker response? Which hand had a quicker response? Can you explain why one hand would have a quicker response time? Can you explain why one hand would have a quicker response time? Read Science Story – “The Circulatory System”

Investigation 4: Part 4 Coordination Assessment Options At this part in the investigation, students can complete a project and present it to the class. At this part in the investigation, students can complete a project and present it to the class. Refer to “Project Ideas”, “Project Proposal” and “Presentation Guidelines” Sheets Refer to “Project Ideas”, “Project Proposal” and “Presentation Guidelines” Sheets In the Teacher’s Guide there is an End-of-Module Assessment for the Human Body that students can take. It is 25 Questions. In the Teacher’s Guide there is an End-of-Module Assessment for the Human Body that students can take. It is 25 Questions. There is also a Portfolio Assessment in the Teacher’s Guide. There is also a Portfolio Assessment in the Teacher’s Guide.