CSOM Long Version: Section 31 Learning Objectives Participants will be able to: z Identify the key components of community supervision, and z Explain how to apply these components to sex offenders.

CSOM Long Version: Section 32 Components of Supervision zCaseload Organization zThe PSI zAssessment zClassification zPre-sentence Recommendations zConditions of Supervision z The Case Plan z Maintaining the Case File z Surveillance z Statutory Requirements z Lengthening Periods of Supervision

CSOM Long Version: Section 33 Relapse Prevention zOffending behavior does not just “happen.” zOffenders make a series of choices. zIntervention: yOffenders learn about their offense cycles. yOffenders learn to identify risk factors. yOffenders learn to respond appropriately.

CSOM Long Version: Section 34 Officers Can Support Relapse Prevention by: zHelping offender learn his cycle, triggers zCorrecting offender’s thinking errors zPromoting use of coping skills zSupporting development of internal control

CSOM Long Version: Section 35 Self-Protection Relapse Relapse Process

CSOM Long Version: Section 36 Specialized Skills for Sex Offender Supervision zRisk and needs assessment zStrategies for high risk situations zTreatment and monitoring tools zLegal liability issues zLegislative mandates (notification, DNA) zVictim issues zRestorative justice

CSOM Long Version: Section 37 The PSI Provides Information Regarding zThe offender zThe supervision environment zVictim impact zResources available

CSOM Long Version: Section 38 Pre-sentence Investigation Recommendations zRisk Assessment: yTo community yTo victim(s) zAmenability to Treatment zSpecial Conditions

CSOM Long Version: Section 39 Assessing/Evaluating the Sex Offender to Support Safe Management in the Community Why? Sentencing Suitability for Community Supervision Level of Supervision Case Plan Set Special Conditions Treatment Plan Change/Adapt Supervision Intervene to Reduce Imminent Risk Assessing what? Likelihood of Reoffense Dangerousness Deviant Sexual Arousal Severity/Type of Offense/Reoffense Amenability to Treatment Progress in Treatment Treatment Needs Capacity of System to Manage Offender Safely Progress in Treatment Sources of Information Offender Official Records Family of Offender and Victim Victim Offender’s Employer Law Enforcement Other Professionals How/Tools? Actuarial Risk Assessment Tools Psychometric Scales Physiological Tests -polygraph -plethysmograph -Abel Screen Observation Interview PSI Who? Prosecutor Probation/ Parole Officer Judge Treatment Provider Polygraph Examiner Victim Advocate

CSOM Long Version: Section 310 Assessment Supports Many Aspects of Supervision Imposing Sanctions Collaboration Strategy w/ Polygraph Examiner Evaluating Lapses/Violations Adjusting Supervision Approach Adjusting Conditions Collaboration Strategy w/ Treatment Provider Setting Conditions Safety Plan for Victims Developing Case Plan Flags to Look for Home/Field Visit Strategies Determining Reporting Expectations Assessment/ Evaluation Supports:

CSOM Long Version: Section 311 Identification of Static Risk Factors zDeviant sexual interest, esp. children zPrior offenses, esp. sexual offenses zNot completing treatment zSadistic arousal/high level of psychopathy zYoung, never married zUnrelated or male child victims zGenital to genital contact w/ children (Hanson and Bussiere, 1998)

CSOM Long Version: Section 312 Identification of Dynamic Risk Factors zAcute ySubstance abuse, negative mood, anger/hostility, victim access zStable yIntimacy deficits yNegative social influences yAttitudes ySexual/emotional self-regulation yGeneral self-regulation (Hanson & Harris, 2000)

CSOM Long Version: Section 313 Assessing the Probability of Re-offense zActuarial tools are most effective. zGeneric actuarial tools are not effective with sex offenders. zTools specifically designed for sex offenses are most effective.

CSOM Long Version: Section 314 Risk Assessment Methods and Instruments

CSOM Long Version: Section 315 Example Instrument: The RRASOR Rapid Risk Assessment for Sex Offense Recidivism (RRASOR) 1. Prior Sex Offenses (not including index offense) none0 1 conviction or 1-2 charges convictions or 3-5 charges 2 4+ convictions or 6+ charges3 2. Age at Release (current age) more than 250 less than Victim Gender only females0 any males1 4. Relationship to Victim only related0 any non-related Total Hanson, R.K. (1997). The development of a brief actuarial scale for sexual offense recidivism. (user Report No ) Ottawa: Solicitor General of Canada

CSOM Long Version: Section 316 Re-offense Rates on the RRASOR Estimated Sex Offense Recidivism Rates

CSOM Long Version: Section 317 Conditions of Supervision for Sex Offenders zTreatment zVictim Contact zDriving and Travel zDaily Living zSocial/Sexual Behavior z Work z Alcohol and drugs z Disclosure z Polygraph, Plethysmograph, other tests

CSOM Long Version: Section 318 Indications for Increased Monitoring zStress or crisis zVisits with victims or potential victims zIncreased denial

CSOM Long Version: Section 319 Red Flags for Supervising Officers zDisengagement z“No showing” zManipulation (Hanson, Harris and Associates, 1997)

CSOM Long Version: Section 320 Disengagement zOffender going through motions zNot open to talking about treatment zNot invested in treatment zGeneral non-cooperation with treatment zSilent / non-disclosing (Hanson, Harris, and Associates, 1997)

CSOM Long Version: Section 321 Disengagement (cont.) zKeeps secrets from you zAny feeling client is being “phony” zFeeling you don’t know what’s going on with offender in general zFeeling offender is working against you (Hanson, Harris and Associates, 1997)

CSOM Long Version: Section 322 “No-Showing” zFrequently late zMisses appointments with you/others zFrequently wants to reschedule zTries to limit meeting time z“Working against you” zViolates conditions (Hanson, Harris and Associates, 1997)

CSOM Long Version: Section 323 Manipulation zMakes inappropriate requests zInconsistencies between what offender and treatment team tell you zCatching offender in lies / contradictions zCurt / rude / threatening with you zAny feeling offender is being “phony” (Hanson, Harris and Associates, 1997)

CSOM Long Version: Section 324 Manipulation (cont.) zTries to “play the system” zTries to take control of interview zTries to be “buddy-buddy” with you zAttempts to focus interview on irrelevant issues zTakes inordinate amount of your time (Hanson, Harris and Associates, 1997)

CSOM Long Version: Section 325 Situations Requiring Immediate Removal of Offender zPossession of dangerous weapon zContact with children initiated by offender and not reported zSubstance use that is part of offense cycle zOffender physically harms another person

CSOM Long Version: Section 326 Responses to Limit Risk zLimiting access to victims zElectronic monitoring or curfews zNo contact orders zRestrictions on movement zIncreased monitoring, contact, treatment zPre-revocation contracts zAdmissions to violations

CSOM Long Version: Section 327 Amending Conditions of Supervision zWhen new information becomes available zTo provide more control over offender zTo reward positive compliance

CSOM Long Version: Section 328 Developing a Case Plan zForms basis for supervision zInvolvement of offender is key zAll changes and updates should be carefully documented

CSOM Long Version: Section 329 The Case Plan: Two Major Elements zControlling the offender’s environment zAssuring participation in sex offender- specific treatment

CSOM Long Version: Section 330 An Appropriate Treatment Referral--Issues to Consider zSubstance abuse? zPharmacological intervention? zFamily reunification? zNew information from a polygraph?

CSOM Long Version: Section 331 Maintaining the Case File zCombats deception / tracks patterns zClarifies expectations zMakes new information easily available (e.g., evaluations, polygraph results, etc.) zDocumentation for revocation zEnables continuity if personnel changes

CSOM Long Version: Section 332 Increasing Requirements on Probation and Parole zCommunity Notification zRegistration zDNA testing

CSOM Long Version: Section 333 Lengthening Periods of Supervision zCurrently in Arizona, Colorado, and Iowa zPro-active risk management zAcknowledges long-term nature of problem zProvides great flexibility

CSOM Long Version: Section 334 Surveillance as a Tool for Sex Offender Supervision zAllows greater control and monitoring-- 24/7 zMonitors compliance with conditions zSupplements resources of the probation/parole officer

CSOM Long Version: Section 335 Review of the Research (cont.) zRecidivism rates of untreated offenders are approximately 60%. zRecidivism rates of offenders completing specialized treatment are between 15% and 20%. (U.S. Department of Justice, 1991)

CSOM Long Version: Section 336 Review of the Research (cont.) zGrossman et al (1999): reduction in recidivism of 30% over seven years zGallagher et al (1999): cognitive- behavioral approaches appear particularly promising zPolizzi et al (1999): prison and non-prison based programs show effective or promising results

CSOM Long Version: Section 337 Review of theResearch (cont.) z1995 meta-analysis found (Hall, 1995) ysmall but significant treatment effect y12 studies--all with control groups y8 percent reduction in recidivism in the treatment group

CSOM Long Version: Section 338 Summary of Research on Treatment Effectiveness zMany studies, many poorly designed. zWell-designed studies associate treatment with lower recidivism--some very significantly zOutcomes differ by type of offender zGreater reductions found in more recent studies zTreatment and/or evaluation methods are improving

CSOM Long Version: Section 339 Summary of Research on Treatment Effectiveness (cont.) zAnalytic or insight oriented therapies are not effective (Quinsey, 1990, 1994; Salter, 1988; Lanyon, 1986) zA combination of educational, cognitive- behavioral, and family system interventions is effective (Knopp and Stevenson, 1988, 1992) zWhen reviewing all studies; conclude that treatment reduces recidivism by 10%

CSOM Long Version: Section 340 Effectiveness of Treatment Plus Supervision zOnly a few studies done--they support effectiveness of combined treatment and supervision (some with the polygraph). (Romero and Williams, 1985, 1991) zCurrent study of Maricopa County program is revealing low rates of recidivism. (Maricopa County Adult Probation Department, 1999)

CSOM Long Version: Section 341 Traditional vs. Sex Offender Treatment zOffender-focused zTargets reduction in anxiety/inadequacy zIndividual counseling zUsually voluntary z Victim/community safety focused z Targets accountability and thinking errors z Primarily group setting z Often mandated Traditional Sex Offender Specific

CSOM Long Version: Section 342 Traditional vs. Sex Offender Treatment (cont.) zClient/patient confidentiality zProvider works as an individual practitioner zGeneralist” training for a variety of client types z Waivers of confidentiality z Provider is part of management team z Specialized training/ experience essential Traditional Sex Offender Specific

CSOM Long Version: Section 343 Primary Goal of Treatment -- Reduce Future Victimization The following are means to that end: zReducing cognitive distortions zAccepting responsibility zDeveloping victim empathy zControlling sexual arousal zImproving social competence zDeveloping relapse prevention skills zEstablishing supervision conditions and networks

CSOM Long Version: Section 344 Treatment Providers Must be Willing to... zWork as part of a team zShare information zProtect the community as a primary responsibility zEvaluate their work by these standards