Human Computer Interaction CSC User System Interface CSC Class Meeting 4 September 18, 2012

Topics of the Day From last time – Where is Gregor? – Track pad interactions Research project issues – Bibliography – IRB form – Theory and models Good and bad interfaces Lee & Zhai. Extracting design principles Cataloging design principles

Where is Gregor? One thousandth of a minute = 6 x one hundredth of a second Diameter of earth = 7926 miles, approximately Claim: Assuming the earth is a perfect sphere, the arc of a circle with central angle of 1/100 second is 1.0+ feet long. (latitude) Claim: At 40 degrees north, the arc of longitudinal circle with central angle of 1/100 second is feet long.

Track Pad Interactions Cleaning up action descriptions Tap to click Secondary click Look up Three finger drag Scroll direction: natural Zoom in or out Smart zoom Rotate Swipe between pages

Track Pad Interactions (2) Swipe between full-screen apps Mission control App exposé Launchpad Show desktop Pinch to home screen Swipe up to multitasking Swipe left or right between apps Reveal multitasking bar Between apps

Track Pad Interactions (3) Cleaning up gesture descriptions Tap with one finger Click or tap with two fingers Click bottom left Click bottom right Double-tap with three fingers Move with three fingers Content tracks finger movement Pinch with two fingers

Track Pad Interactions (4) Double-tap with two fingers Rotate with two fingers Scroll left with two fingers Scroll right with two fingers Swipe with three fingers Swipe with two or three fingers Swipe left with three fingers Swipe right with three fingers

Track Pad Interactions (6) Swipe left with four fingers Swipe right with four fingers Swipe up with three fingers Swipe up with four fingers Swipe down with three fingers Swipe down with four fingers Pinch with thumb and three fingers Spread with thumb and three fingers

Track Pad Interactions (7) Pinch with four or five fingers Swipe up with four or five fingers Swipe left with four or five fingers Swipe right with four or five fingers

Hand In Everyone: GOMS model of table creation Each research team: – Hypotheses, independent and dependent variables – First draft of IRB form – Printout from EndNote of research bibliography

Research Project Hypotheses (tonight) Independent variables (tonight) Dependent variables (tonight) Bibliography – First entries (tonight) – Continuous process Background Formal setting (let’s talk)

Research Project (2) For next week, from each team: Short presentation – One spokesperson – Five minutes – Hypothesis, variables, initial experimental design – A few slides to guide the listeners

Paper Reading Teams 1.Kristin & Jim B 2.John & Andrew D 3.Anthony & Kevin 4.Chris & Shishir 5.Mike & Andrew L 6.Donald & Jim N 7.Tyler & Ken

Research Project Example Lee & Zhai, The Performance of Touch Screen Soft Buttons Team 1: Introduction – What are potential research questions? Team 2: Related Work – What is known about interacting with soft buttons? Team 3: Basic Issues – What dimensions (?) of touch screens are important?

Example (2) Team 4: Methodology – What did the subjects do for Experiment 1? Why this design? Team 5: Hard button results, Experiment 1 – How are the data summarized and analyzed? Team 6: Soft button results, Experiment 1 – How are the data summarized and analyzed? Team 7: Summary & Conclusions, Experiment 1 – What device is best?

Lessons from Lee & Zhai Subjects: 13 total – 9 men, 4 women Overall design: practice, test, questionnaire/interview Experiment structure: – Block – Trial

Experimental Design Within subjects – vs. Across subjects Randomized order of conditions – Generating random numbers Balanced Latin square design – Think Sudoku

Experiment 1 Conditions (10): button type + feedback type Entry set (5): 1450 X 9276 = ; 8327 – 7231 = ; etc. Order of entry set randomized Block (3): Instances of ordered entry set – How many entry set arrangements are possible? One subject generates 3 x 5 x 10 sets of data – Time, # of corrections

Hard Buttons Block 1 - ABlock 1 - NBlock 2Block 3 Subj 15 trials Subj 2 Subj 3 Subj 4 Subj 5 Subj 6 Subj 7 Subj 8 Subj 9 Subj 10 Subj 11 Subj 12 Subj 13

Inferring Design Principles Augment soft buttons with synthetic feedback Make soft buttons at least 10 mm wide Provide automatic error correction for text entry using small buttons

Interface Survey Good interfaces of the week Bad interfaces of the week

Good Interfaces Who says? On what basis? Why were your choices (of helpful interfaces) good? What were the design principles that promoted “goodness”?

Bad Interfaces Same questions as for “good” – Who says? – On what basis? What design principles were violated?

Good and Bad Generative User Engineering Principles (GUEPs) (GUEPs) Cognitive Dimensions (CDs)(CDs) – of notation – of representation in an interface – of understanding NB. In this context a “dimension” is a factor (distinct from others factors)

Next Time Read Edge and Blackwell, Cognitive Dimensions Tradeoffs in Tangible User Interface Design – You find this paper by going to – Then choosing the link for the 10 th Anniversary Workshop on CDs research Create a concept map relating the ideas of the paper to one another – Use the concept map software – Make sure you include at least 12 concepts and maybe many more – Consult the papers by Thomas Green for more information Research project presentation

Research Team Meetings

Modeling Actions Task analysis: temporal (time) issues GOMS analysis: method (how to) issues Keystroke level analysis: operator (widget) issues

Theory Collection Visual processing Three-stage visual system Preattentive processing theory (Triesman & Gormican) Structured object perception theory (Biederman) Scientific color theory (CIE)

Theory Collection (2) Motor Behavior Models Hick-Hyman Law: choice time Keystroke-Level Model: error-free task completion time Three-state model of graphical input (Buxton) Fitts’ Law: human movement Guiard’s Model of Bimanual Skill

Theory Collection (3) Models of Computation Finite state machine Grammar in Backus-Naur form (BNF)

Theory Collection (3) Task analysis Describes the process the user chooses to reach a goal in a specific domain Hierarchical model using ConcurTaskTreesConcurTaskTrees Design principles GUEPs Cognitive Dimensions Mental models