Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved PC Fundamentals Presentation 20 – The Hard Drive Interface

2 Objectives At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:

3 Identify and describe the differences, strengths, and specifications of IDE. Define IDE, ATA, PATA, and SATA. Identify the cables and connectors used with the various types of PATA and SATA drives. Discuss Master/slave/cable select (CSEL) including jumper settings in PATA drives. Explain why the hard drive interface technology changed from parallel transfers to serial transfers. Discuss the difference between the PATA and SATA standards.

4 Physical DriveLogical Drive

5 D: Heathkit 20 GB C: Heath 40 GB Disk 0 60 GB

6 C: 60GB D: 50GB 10GB E: 60GB F: 50GB 10GB Disk0 Disk1 K:50GB G: 40GB H: 40GB 20GB I: 40GB J: 30GB 10GB Disk2 Disk3

7 Mass Storage Interfaces: IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics SCSI – Small Computer System Interface

8 Evolution of the Mass Storage Interface ST-506/412 ESDI Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)

9 IDE versus SCSI IDE used predominately in PCs. IDE costs less than SCSI. IDE developed primarily for “inside-the-case” technology. IDE has severe restrictions on cable length. IDE allows one master and one slave for each IDE connector on the motherboard. Each master/slave pair requires a different IRQ. IDE provides excellent performance in a single-user, single-tasking operating system.

10 IDE versus SCSI SCSI is inherently more expensive than IDE. SCSI used predominately in Servers and Workstations. In multi-user, multitasking situations, SCSI is faster than IDE. SCSI allows more devices and a greater variety of devices to be connected to the computer. When multiple devices are used, SCSI requires fewer computer resources than IDE.

11 Motherboard Slave Master IDE Drives

12 Motherboard Primary Slave Secondary Master IDE Drives Secondary Slave Primary Master

13 Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) A generic term for any drive with a built-in disk controller. More properly called Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) interface because that is the name assigned by the American National Standards Institute for this interface standard.

14 PIO vs. DMA Programmed I/O (PIO) – The CPU is used to transfer data. Direct Memory Access (DMA) – The CPU is not involved.

15 Bus Mastering A technique that allows an intelligent device to seize control of the bus to perform its task without CPU intervention. Allows the transfer of data from one device to another at the maximum speed that the bus supports.

16 The ATA Standards ATA ATA-2 ATA-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 ATA/ATAPI-5 ATA/ATAPI-6 ATA/ATAPI-7 Serial ATA or SATA

17 ATA Also known as IDE Hard disk drive interface standard Supports PIO modes 0, 1, and 2 and DMA mode 0 PIO 0 transfer rate 3.3 megabytes/second PIO 1 transfer rate 5.2 megabytes/second PIO 2 transfer rate 8.3 megabytes/second DMA 0 transfer rate 2.1 to 8.3 megabytes/second Uses a 40-pin, 40-conductor cable

18 ATA-2 Also known as EIDE or Fast ATA Enhanced BIOS offered new addressing method—LBA (Logical Block Addressing) PCI bus combined expanded data bus width with increased speed Operating system recognized new BIOS features Used a 40-pin, 40-conductor cable

19 ATA-2 Supported PIO modes 3 and 4 PIO 3 transfer rate 11.1 megabytes/second PIO 4 transfer rate 16.7 megabytes/second Supported DMA modes 1 and 2 DMA 1 transfer rate 13.3 megabytes/second DMA 2 transfer rate 16.7 megabytes/second Supported ATA legacy transfer rates

20 ATA-3 ATA-3 was a minor standard update Data transfer reliability improved, but 40- pin, 40-conductor cable remained limited to a maximum length of 18 inches Added SMART (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology) Password protection

21 ATAPI AT Attachment Packet Interface Separate standard covering CD-ROM and tape drive storage devices Not part of the ATA hard disk drive standard Uses a 40-pin, 40-conductor cable

22 ATA/ATAPI-4 ATAPI added to the ATA standard Hard drives, CD-ROM drives, tape drives, and similar devices share same interface standard for first time Introduces Ultra DMA to the PC

23 ATA/ATAPI-4 Adds CRC (Cyclical Redundancy Checking)

24 ATA/ATAPI-4 40-pin, 80-conductor cable now optional

25 ATA/ATAPI-4 Supports Ultra DMA modes 0, 1, and 2 Ultra DMA mode 0 transfer rate 16.7 MB/sec Ultra DMA mode 1 transfer rate 25 MB/sec Ultra DMA mode 2 transfer rate 33.3 MB/sec Ultra DMA mode 2 is also known as UDMA/33, UDMA mode 2, and Ultra ATA/33

26 ATA/ATAPI-4 DMA and Ultra DMA support Burst mode Bust mode is the maximum transfer rate Bust mode is not sustainable over time Long-term transfers are about half the rate of Burst mode

27 ATA/ATAPI-5 Support for Ultra DMA modes 3 and 4 Ultra DMA mode 3 transfer rate 44.4 MB/sec Ultra DMA mode 4 transfer rate 66.7 MB/sec Ultra DMA mode 4 is also known as UDMA/66, UDMA mode 4, and Ultra ATA/66 Requires a 40-pin, 80-conductor cable

28 ATA/ATAPI-6 Support for Ultra DMA mode 5 Burst rate 100 MB/sec Ultra DMA mode 5 is also known as UDMA/100 and Ultra ATA/100 Requires a 40-pin, 80-conductor cable

29 ATA/ATAPI-6 CHS addressing no longer supported LBA addresses extended from 28-bit to 48- bit lengths (2 28 vs ) Drives up to 137 GB in size may use either 28-bit or 48-bit addressing Drives greater than 137 GB must use 48-bit addressing Drive capacities to 144 PB (144 petabytes)

30 ATA/ATAPI-7 The last standard to support parallel data Support for Ultra DMA mode 6 Burst rate 133 MB/sec Ultra DMA mode 6 is also known as UDMA/133 and Ultra ATA/133 Requires a 40-pin, 80-conductor cable

31 ATA Interface Connectors Extra 4 pins supply power

32 ATA Interface Connectors Pin 20 Blocked

33 ATA Interface Connectors Tab

34 Pin 1 on the cable is marked. Pin 1

35 Typical ATA Hard Drive Connectors 40-pin IDE Cable Connector 8-pin Jumper Connector 4-pin Power Connector

36 MAMA SLSL CSCS Jumper Block

37 MAMA SLSL CSCS Single Drive Master Drive With Slave Slave Drive

38 The Cable Select Option MAMA SLSL CSCS

39 DSCS/SP Jumper Block

40 DSCS/SP Master Drive With Slave Present Slave Drive Cable Select

41 Parallel ATA Versus Serial ATA All the technologies discussed up to now have been parallel. – The data bits are transferred in parallel, usually 32 bits at a time. – Referred to today as PATA. Serial ATA or SATA allows higher transfer rates.

42 SATA Serial AT Attachment (SATA) standard Data storage standard Interface transparent to operating system Supports previous parallel ATA standards Data transfer rates up to 300 MB/sec are common.

43 SATA Interface Signal Contacts Signal Cable Connector Drive Socket Assembly Cable Assemblies

44 SATA Interface Power Contacts Power Supply Cable Connector Drive Socket Assembly Cable Assemblies

45 SATA Interface Manufacturer Test Pins Drive Socket Assembly Cable Assemblies

46 SATA Hard Disk Drive Test Pins Power Adapter Plug Signal Connector Power Connector

Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved PC Fundamentals End