6.3 Population Change World Geography 3200/02 Start

Overview Define the terms natural change, natural increase, and natural decrease. (k) Define the terms natural change, natural increase, and natural decrease. (k) Express population change in mathematical terms. (a) Classify a given population as expanding, contracting, or stationary. (a) Classify a given population as expanding, contracting, or stationary. (a) Examine the relationship between birth rate and death rates to determine natural change in a population. (a) Examine the relationship between birth rate and death rates to determine natural change in a population. (a) Analyze factors that affect birth rates. (a) Main

6.3.8 Given population data, calculate dependency ratios. (a) Describe the factors that contribute to a graying of the population. (k) Describe the factors that contribute to a graying of the population. (k) Project future population trends from data provided. (i) Analyze factors that affect death rates.(a) Define the term dependency ratio. (k) Overview Main

6.3.1 Define the terms natural change, natural increase, and natural decrease. (k) Main Natural Change: A change in the population due to the difference in number of births and the number of deaths Natural Change = Births – Deaths

Natural Increase - population is growing because the number of births are greater than the number of deaths Births Deaths Population had a NATURAL INCREASE of 700 people. Natural Increase - population is growing because the number of births are greater than the number of deaths Births Deaths Population had a NATURAL INCREASE of 700 people. Natural Decrease - population is shrinking because the number of births are less than the number of deaths. * 6300 Births Deaths * Population had a NATURAL DECREASE of 1500 people. Natural Decrease - population is shrinking because the number of births are less than the number of deaths. * 6300 Births Deaths * Population had a NATURAL DECREASE of 1500 people Express population change in mathematical terms. (a) Main

6.3.3 Classify a given population as expanding, contracting, or stationary. (a) Main Population Pyramid – graphs that show the structure of a population by age and gender. Figure p. 332 “Four Age-Sex Structures”

Expanding population - Two types: 1. concave profile (a) 2. or straight sides (b) -population is increasing because of a high birth rate - high death rate (a) or decreasing death rate (b) - pyramid is wide at the bottom - usually indicates undeveloped or developing countries Expanding population - Two types: 1. concave profile (a) 2. or straight sides (b) -population is increasing because of a high birth rate - high death rate (a) or decreasing death rate (b) - pyramid is wide at the bottom - usually indicates undeveloped or developing countries

Contracting population - population is decreasing (d) - low birth rate / low death rate - child-bearing age are not replacing themselves - bottom more narrow than middle - usually indicates developed countries Contracting population - population is decreasing (d) - low birth rate / low death rate - child-bearing age are not replacing themselves - bottom more narrow than middle - usually indicates developed countries Stationary population - population is basically staying the same (c) - declining birth rate / low death rate - child-bearing age groups are replacing themselves - middle is roughly the width of the bottom - usually indicates developed countries Stationary population - population is basically staying the same (c) - declining birth rate / low death rate - child-bearing age groups are replacing themselves - middle is roughly the width of the bottom - usually indicates developed countries

6.3.4 Examine the relationship between birth rate and death rates to determine natural change in a population. (a) Main Birth rate - the number of births per 1000 people, in a year. BR = births x 1000 population BR = births x 1000 population Death rate - the number of deaths per 1000 people, in a year. DR = deaths x 1000 population DR = deaths x 1000 population

6.3.5 Analyze factors that affect birth rates. (a) Main 1. Access to affordable birth control. 2. Health care offers prenatal and family planning education. 3. Educated people have less children. (female education) 4. Educated women work more and have children later in life. 5. As the economy moves away from primary activities less children are needed to help provide income. 1. Access to affordable birth control. 2. Health care offers prenatal and family planning education. 3. Educated people have less children. (female education) 4. Educated women work more and have children later in life. 5. As the economy moves away from primary activities less children are needed to help provide income. Low birth rates. Why?

6.3.6 Analyze factors that affect death rates. (a) Main 1.Better health care reduces death rate. 2.Educated people live longer. 3. Better water supply and sanitation. 4. More access to food – better nutrition. 5. Lower infant mortality rates. 6. Higher standard of living leads to all of the above. 1.Better health care reduces death rate. 2.Educated people live longer. 3. Better water supply and sanitation. 4. More access to food – better nutrition. 5. Lower infant mortality rates. 6. Higher standard of living leads to all of the above. Low death rates. Why?

6.3.7 Define the term dependency ratio. (k) Main Dependency ratio - people under 15 and over 64 who are dependent on the working population. The statistics for population pyramids can give you the data to determine dependency ratio. Dependency ratio = (% under 15 + % over 64) x 100 % of working age (15 – 64) Dependency ratio = (% under 15 + % over 64) x 100 % of working age (15 – 64)

6.3.8 Given population data, calculate dependency ratios. (a) Main Dependency ratio = ( ) x 100 = 73 per Every 100 people in the potential labour force supported themselves and 73 additional people. Usually the population that is expanding has the highest dependency ratio. Dependency ratio = ( ) x 100 = 73 per Every 100 people in the potential labour force supported themselves and 73 additional people. Usually the population that is expanding has the highest dependency ratio.

6.3.9 Describe the factors that contribute to a graying of the population. (k) Main Graying of the population - when the % of older people in the population is increasing. Factors that contribute to a graying of the population: A. Low birth rate - less young people B. Low death rate - older people live longer C. Young people moving away -higher % of older people D. Better health care -people live longer E. Higher standard of living -people live longer Factors that contribute to a graying of the population: A. Low birth rate - less young people B. Low death rate - older people live longer C. Young people moving away -higher % of older people D. Better health care -people live longer E. Higher standard of living -people live longer