METAR/TAF The International Weather Code

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METAR/TAF The International Weather Code Introduction. I usually try to emphasise that the METAR/TAF system is not difficult, just different from what has been used in the past. As time goes on, the slides mentioning the FTs and SAOs will be deleted. By Bob Jackson, MIC, ZSE CWSU

A ‘METAR’ is a ‘surface’ weather observation This shows that the products still exist, just with a different name and format.

‘TAF’ is a Terminal Aviation Forecast This shows that the products still exist, just with a different name and format.

Order of Information in METAR: What - Type of product Where - Station Name Who - Used if automated When - Date and Time of METAR Wind - Given in Degrees ‘true North’ Weather - Present weather Remarks - Additional comments as needed A simplified view of the order of presentation of the METAR.

Order of Information in METAR: What Clr Metar or Speci Sky Temp Dp Where When Wind Vis Wx Alt Remarks Up to 3 cloud layers METAR KSEA 101955Z 20015KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 A simplified view of the order of presentation of the METAR.

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 = WHAT - Report name/type METAR = Hourly Observation Speci = Special Observation

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 = WHERE - Four Letter station ID. 48 States begin with ‘K’ Alaskan stations begin with ‘PA’ Hawiian stations begin with ‘PH’

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 = WHO - Not used if Human Obs. A01 - For AWOS Observation A02 - For ASOS Observation

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 = WHEN - Date and Time the of OBS was taken in UCT.

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WHEN - Date and Time the of OBS was taken in UCT. Date of OBS

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 = WHEN - Date and Time the of OBS was taken in UCT. Date of OBS Hour of the day

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WHEN - Date and Time the of OBS was taken in UCT. Date of OBS Hour of the day Minute

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WIND

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WIND First 3 digits = Direction in True North

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WIND - First 3 digits = Direction in True North 4th & 5th digits = Wind Speed

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WIND - First 3 digits = Direction in True North 4th & 5th digits = Wind Speed ‘G’ indicates gusts and speed.

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WIND - First 3 digits = Direction in True North 4th & 5th digits = Wind Speed ‘G’ indicates gusts. KT = Speed given in Knots

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WEATHER

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WEATHER Visibility

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WEATHER Visibility Present Weather

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WEATHER Visibility Present Weather Sky cover (Clouds)

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WEATHER Visibility Present Weather Sky cover (Clouds) Temp/DP

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WEATHER Visibility Present Weather Sky cover (Clouds) Temp/DP Altimeter

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= VISIBILITY Reported in Statute Miles (SM) and fractions up to 6 miles

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM -TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Present Weather Given in Intensity ( -, ‘ ‘ , +) Descriptor (SH, TS, FZ, etc) Precip type (DZ, RA, SN) Obscuration (FG, BR FU, etc) Other (dust, funnel cloud)

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Clouds and Cloud Height

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Clouds and Cloud Height Coverage (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC)

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Clouds and Cloud Height Coverage (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC) Height - Given in feet AGL

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Clouds and Cloud Height Coverage (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC) Height - Given in feet AGL Type - IF convective clouds present

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Clouds and Cloud Height Coverage (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC) Height - Given in feet AGL Type - IF convective clouds present CB = Cumulonimbus

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Clouds and Cloud Height Coverage (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC) Height - Given in feet AGL Type - IF convective clouds present CB = Cumulonimbus TCU = Towering Cu

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA BR BKN000 OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= If the sky is PARTIALLY obscured, then a surface based cloud (Fog) height is given as “000”. In example, the first layer is a surface based obscuration due to rain and fog.

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA VV04 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= If the sky is Totally Obscured then, VV = Vertical Vibility in 100s of feet. In this example: VV004 = The sky is obscured, and the Vertical Visibility is 400 ft.

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Temperature/Dew Point Given in degrees Celsius If preceded by ‘M’ then is minus ( <0)

A Simple Temperature Conversion: F = (2 * C) + 30 Example: 10C = 2*10 =20 + 30 F = 50

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 2015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Altimeter Setting A = Inches of Mercury Q = Hectopascals (Millibars)

METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 2015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 VIS N2 WSHIFT 30 FROPA= REMARKS - significant items not included in the main body of the METAR. SLP = Sea Level Pressure in Millibars Visibility to the North is 2 miles. The wind shifted at 30 min past the hour because of a frontal passage.

Order of Information in METAR: Clr Sky Temp Dp What Where When Wind Vis Wx Alt Remarks Up to 3 cloud layers A simplified view of the order of presentation of the METAR.

‘TAF’ is a Terminal Aviation Forecast This shows that the products still exist, just with a different name and format.

TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010. BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SM TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010 BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB BCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100= WHAT - TAF

WHAT - TAF WHERE - Same as METAR TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010 BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB BCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100= WHAT - TAF WHERE - Same as METAR

WHEN - Date/time of beginning/ending TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010 BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB BCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100= WHAT - TAF WHERE - Same as METAR WHEN - Date/time of beginning/ending

TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010. BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SM TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010 BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB BCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100= WIND - Same as METAR

VISIBILITY - ‘Somewhat’ the same as METAR TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010 BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB BCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100= WIND - Same as METAR VISIBILITY - ‘Somewhat’ the same as METAR Forecast up to 6 miles. If more than 6 miles then ‘P’ (plus) is added.

TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010. BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SM TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010 BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB BCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100= WEATHER - Same as METAR

WEATHER - Same as METAR CLOUDS - Same as METAR TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010 BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB BCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100= WEATHER - Same as METAR CLOUDS - Same as METAR

Significant Weather Changes FMnn = Change expected at that time PROBnn = Probability of occurrance TEMPO = Expected change for less than 1hr and less then 1/2 of the period. BECMG = Condition change at the time indicated

Amendments are made as needed.

This is not The End