This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. 1 MICO/NE Better Air Quality (BAQ) Potential of Diesel Engine Emission Reductions Dr Gerhard Ziegler & Dr Jochen Landes (MICO)

This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. 2 MICO/NE Better Air Quality (BAQ) Source : DS/MKT Diesel Vehicle Production - By Regions and Applications America Western EuropeEastern EuropeJapan Rest of World w/o India Mio India Mio

This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. 3 MICO/NE Data Source : DS/LE 1916_1 382 en Development of Diesel Passenger Cars Power 60 kW / l Consumption 6 l /100 km [%] kW / l Increase consumption EGT „EU5“ 1) NO X  0,08 g/km PM  0,0025g/km 1) Request Umweltbundesamt Emission (EU3) NO X  0,50g/km PM  0,05g/km Better Air Quality (BAQ)

Process master title format This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. Better Air Quality (BAQ) MICO/NE Economic Advantage: Diesels are economical ! MNEDC-test fuel consumption: passenger cars with at least Euro 3 certification Diesel fuel consumption is about 33 % less than gasoline´s 33% Better Air Quality (BAQ)

Process master title format This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. Better Air Quality (BAQ) MICO/NE Diesel Passenger Car Emission Legislation : EU, USA Data Source: DS/EMF2/B2651e.ppt Better Air Quality (BAQ)

This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. 6 MICO/NE DS/P-CR4 391 Ra 0715e Type Approval Data of PC with DI- Diesel - Certification with at least Euro NO x + HC [g/km] Particulates [g/km] VP44 UIS CRS VP30 Competitors Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5 weak Euro 5 severe Better Air Quality (BAQ)

Process master title format This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. Better Air Quality (BAQ) MICO/NE Data Source: DS/EMF2/B2651e.ppt Trends in Engine Development - Diesel Combustion System air system  boost concept  egr concept  gas exchange  charge motion injection system  type  pressure  injection rate  nozzle design exhaust gas system  boost concept  egr concept  gas exchange  (aftertreatment) geometrical design  combustion chamber  compression ratio  swirl ratio  stroke/bore start system  glow concept  starter cooling system  coolant  cooler concept control system (ECU)  control concept  sensors  actuators Better Air Quality (BAQ)

Process master title format This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. Better Air Quality (BAQ) MICO/NE Data Source: DS-NF/EAN P e FIE Contribution - Emission Reduction Strategy for EU 4, EU 5 and US 10 Better Air Quality (BAQ) g/kWh PM EU 3 EU 3 Standard without EGRwith EGR g/kWh NO x DeNO x Advanced high-pressure injection + EGR + DPF High-pressure injection + EGR + DPF Optimized combustion + advanced timing US 10 EU 5EU 4

Process master title format This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. Better Air Quality (BAQ) MICO/NE Data Source: DS/EMF2/B2651e.ppt Trends in Engine Development - Impact of Compression Ratio Reduction PZmax=150bar SZmax=2.4FSN T3max=780°C p2/p3=2290/2990mbar PZmax=150bar SZmax=2.4FSN T3max=780°C p2/p3=2290/2990mbar 2000rpm/IMEP=8.0bar p2/p3=1450/1550mbar CRP=900bar 2000rpm/IMEP=8.0bar p2/p3=1450/1550mbar CRP=900bar 1500rpm/IMEP=4.3bar p2/p3=1100/1180mbar CRP=700bar 1500rpm/IMEP=4.3bar p2/p3=1100/1180mbar CRP=700bar +10% -10% -65% Full Load with optimised PI Better Air Quality (BAQ)

Process master title format This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. Better Air Quality (BAQ) MICO/NE Data Source: DS/EMF2/B2651e.ppt Impact of CRP and TC Parameter on Performance Vh  500cc Pcyl.max=180bar HF=280 Better Air Quality (BAQ)

This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. 11 MICO/NE EGR cooler EGR valve Control flap Air mass sensor Charge air intercooler Back pressure valve Charge air cooler DS/EMF C 3121e HD Engine (ca. 0,5 l/Cyl.)Two Stage Turbo System Better Air Quality (BAQ)

Process master title format This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. Better Air Quality (BAQ) MICO/NE air compressorair reservoir dosing system urea tank pressure regulator control valve pump temperature sensor SCR: Selective Catalytic Reduction PM:Particulates CAN bus dosing valve ECU exhaust gas temp. sensor cleaned exhaust gas sensor NO + NO 2 + 2NH 3 2N 2 + 3H 2 O Data Source: DS/EMF C e Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System for NOx and PM Reduction Better Air Quality (BAQ)

This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. 13 MICO/NE Data Source: DS/EMF B2115_1e premixed Conventional Combustion simultaneous process of fuel injection, mixture formation and combustion fuel in heterogeneous condition combustion process divided in:  premixed (ignition delay)  diffusion controlled  afterburning Homogeneous Combustion separation of fuel injection, mixture formation and combustion (spatial or chronological ) fuel in gaseous condition premixed combustion Diesel Combustion Better Air Quality (BAQ)

Process master title format This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. Better Air Quality (BAQ) MICO/NE Data Source: DS/EMF2/B2651e.ppt Better Air Quality (BAQ) conv. Combustion with opt. PI pHCCI 2000rpm / IMEP=4bar 2000rpm / IMEP=6bar 2000rpm / IMEP=8bar 2000rpm / IMEP=10bar - 89% - 83% - 95% - 93% - 65% - 45% - 75% - 55%

This is the exclusive property of Motor Industries Co. Ltd. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties. 15 MICO/NE Better Air Quality (BAQ) Compared to petrol engines diesel engines fuel consumption is more than 30 % less. MICO/BOSCH are providing high sophisticated diesel injection systems being essential for lowest raw emissions and fuel consumption values. Even the most demanding emission limits can be achieved when adding exhaust gas aftertreatment systems like diesel particulate filters and DeNOx catalytic converters. “Homogeneous diesel combustion” has an enormous emission reduction potential limiting the effort on exhaust gas aftertreatment in future Summary