Verbals: Participial Phrases CHAPTER 3

Lesson Objectives: Students will learn what constitutes a participle phrase. Students will understand how to identify participle phrases.

VERBALS A verbal is a form that acts as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. There are three types of verbals: participles, gerunds, and infinitives. Today we will focus on participles.

HERE’S THE IDEA A participle is a verb form that acts as an adjective. It modifies a noun or pronoun. A participle phrase consists of a participle plus its modifiers and complements. Review: Complement is a term used for a word or words to complete the meaning of an expression. Modifier is a word, phrase, or clause which functions as an adjective or an adverb to describe a word or make its meaning more specific. There are two kinds of participles: past participles and present participles.

Common Endings for Past & Present Participles: Present Participle: -ing Past Participle: -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n

Participle Phrase Example: Played for more than 100 years, high school football has a rich tradition. Tips: Remember a participle modifies a noun or a pronoun. When a participle phrase comes at the beginning of a sentence, it is often followed by a comma. What word is played modifying?

Participle Phrase Example: Large crowds attend games featuring rival schools. Participle What word is featuring modifying?

Reading her book, Arianna became completely engaged. Participle Phrase Examples: Find the participle phrase and the word it modifies. Reading her book, Arianna became completely engaged. The girl braiding her long hair is my girlfriend. Shocked by the fire alarm, Braden quickly evacuated from the building. She gave us a bag of cookies filled with chocolate chips. Looking for his true love, Romeo finds many challenges. Having heard the news, Jacob called his mother immediately. Reading her book is the participle phrase modifying Arianna The girl braiding her long hair is the participle phrase modifying girlfriend Shocked by the fire alarm is the participle phrase modifying Braden Filled with chocolate chips is the participle phrase modifying cookies Looking for true love is the participle phrase modifying Romeo Having heard the news is the participle phrase modifying Jacob

Let’s Practice Identifying Participle Phrases: Tip: It is a verb form ending in –ing, -ed, -d, -t, -n

Verbals Part II: Gerund Phrases

Lesson Objectives: Students will learn what constitutes a gerund phrase. Students will understand how to identify gerund phrases.

HERE’S THE IDEA A gerund is a verb form that ends in ing and acts as a noun. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus its modifiers and complements. Review: Complement is a term used for a word or words to complete the meaning of an expression. Modifier is a word, phrase, or clause which functions as an adjective or an adverb to describe a word or make its meaning more specific. Like nouns, gerunds and gerund phrases can act as subjects, objects of prepositions, direct objects, indirect objects, and predicate nominatives.

Functions of Gerund Phrases Example Subject Swimming competitively requires lots of practice. Object of Preposition Jeff got into shape by swimming at the YMCA. Direct Object Mr. Lopez coaches high school swimming. Predicate Nominative Tameka’s specialty is swimming the backstroke.

Let’s Practice... Identify the gerund and how it is functioning Singing is fun. Function: _____________________________________________________________ I enjoy acting. Function: _____________________________________________________________ I am not addicted to gambling. Function: _________________________________________________ Dad said he gave jogging a chance, but it only lasted a day! Function:__________________________ Shopping for new clothes is fun. Function: _________________________________________________ His passion is playing basketball. Function: ________________________________________________ I will pass the test by studying very hard. Function: _________________________________________ Swimming: Subject Acting: Direct Object Gambling: Object of Preposition Jogging: Indirect Object Shopping for new clothes: Subject Playing basketball: Predicate Nominative By studying very hard: Object of Preposition

Comprehension Quiz Swimming: Subject Acting: Direct Object Gambling: Object of Preposition Jogging: Indirect Object Shopping for new clothes: Subject Playing basketball: Predicate Nominative