1914-1918. 1) Imperialism Ex: Ethiopia – Italy v. Great Britain Morocco – France v. Germany.

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Presentation transcript:

1) Imperialism Ex: Ethiopia – Italy v. Great Britain Morocco – France v. Germany

2) Arms Race Ex: Great Britain – Royal Navy “Two-Power Standard” Germany G. B.

3) Great Power Alliances 1882 – Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy 1907 – Triple Entente Great Britain, France, Russia

= Triple Alliance = Triple Entente

4) Nationalism A. Great Powers = Chauvinism Ex: Franco-Prussian War – 1870

4) Nationalism B. Smaller Nationalities = Terrorism Ex: – 40 major political assassinations

= Triple Alliance = Triple Entente

Vienna

Emperor Franz Joseph Habsburg Family Ruler of Austria- Hungary Ruled for nearly 70 years:

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Nephew of Franz Joseph Heir-to-the-throne of Austria-Hungary

Vienna Sarajevo Trip to Sarajevo – June 28, 1914

Arrival in Sarajevo

Gavrilo Princip Member of the Black Hand Serbian Nationalist

The arrest of Gavrilo Princip

= Triple Alliance = Triple Entente

1) Sarajevo 2) Belgrade 3) St. Petersburg 4) Berlin Paris 7) London 6) Schlieffen Plan – Germany attacks 5) A-H attacks 8) Russia attacks

G.B. Fr. Ger. A.H. It. Rus. 2) Western Front 3) Eastern Front 4) Southern Front 1) British Naval Blockade 5) The Dardanelles Campaign G.B. O.E.

Allied Powers G.B. France Russia Italy Allied Powers G.B. France Russia Italy Central Powers Germany A-H Ottoman Empire Central Powers Germany A-H Ottoman Empire

1) Aug – German invasion of Belgium. Importance?

2) Aug – British cut trans- Atlantic cables connecting Germany to U.S.. Importance?

3) May 1915 – Sinking of the Lusitania.

British Naval Blockade German U-Boat Campaign

Importance?

4) Feb – Zimmermann Telegram. Importance?

5) Feb-Apr 1917 – Unrestricted submarine warfare. 7 7 Importance?

6) Mar – First Russian Revolution. Czar Nicholas II Alexander Kerensky Importance?

7) Apr – Woodrow Wilson delivers his “war message” to Congress.

“The world must be made safe for democracy”

1) Nov Second Russian Revolution

Vladimir Lenin Leader of the Bolsheviks. Made Russia the world’s first Communist country.

2) Mar Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

3) Spring-Summer 1918 Final German Offensive on the Western Front

American troops

British tanks

4) Fall 1918 Other Central Powers disintegrate

5) Nov. 11, 1918 Armistice Day

 Spring 1919  Palace at Versailles  Winners only!  “Big Four”: G.B. U.S. Italy Fr.

The Hall of Mirrors at Versailles

The Signing of Peace, Versailles, 1919

 Woodrow Wilson: Fourteen Points  Purpose: Prevent future wars.

 Examples: 1) Self-Determination. 2) League of Nations.

 Punishments for the losers: 1) Bulgaria – Lost territory to Greece and Yugoslavia.

2) Ottoman Empire – Reduced to present day Turkey. Lost territory to G.B. and France as “mandates.”

3) Austria-Hungary – Separated and reduced to present-day Austria & Hungary. Lost territory to: Poland Czechoslovakia Romania Yugoslavia Italy

4) Russia – Why an enemy? 1) Quit too soon. 2) Communist! Lost territory to: Finland Baltic States Poland Romania

5) Germany -- 1) Lost territory to: Denmark France Poland Lithuania

2) Lost all overseas colonies. 3) Forced to sign “war-guilt” clause. 4) Assessed over $30 billion in war reparations.

5) Military Reductions: Army = 100,000 troops. Navy = 6 Battleships. No Submarines. No Air Force. No tanks.