Bahasa Inggris 1 Disusun oleh: Pikir Wisnu Wijayanto, M.Hum Fihrin Zuhrufillah, M.Pd Yuningsih, S.S Prodi D3 Manajemen Informatika Fakultas Ilmu Terapan Universitas Telkom

Basic Competency : The students are able to show their ability of understanding the reading skills in English text Topic : Reading Strategies Sub topic : Indicating Pronouns Reference and Related Words, Simple Past Tense Meeting: 12 th

Competencies and Indicators BasicIntermediateAdvance Able to make the Inferences that are reasonable but uses limited evidence Able to make the Inferences that are reasonable and provides text evidence appropriately, generally logical Able to make the Inferences that are reasonable and provides text evidence appropriately, generally logical and explains how inferring enhances text comprehension

Personal Pronouns A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns. The most frequently used pronouns are called personal pronouns. They refer to people or things.

Subject Pronouns A subject pronoun is used as the subject of a sentence. She is my best friend It is my cat Does he know the answer? You and I will meet later

Singular Plural I we you he, she, it they Subject Pronouns me us you him, her, it them Object Pronouns

Pronouns and Antecedents Read the following sentences. Can you tell to whom the word She refers? Arachne competes with Athena. She weaves skillfully. The sentence is not clear because the word She could refer to either Arachne or Athena. Sometimes you must repeat a noun or rewrite the sentence. Arachne competes with Athena. Athena weaves skillfully.

Pronouns and Antecedents The noun or group of words that a pronoun refers to is called its antecedent. When you use a pronoun, you should be sure that it refers to its antecedent clearly. Be especially careful when you use the pronoun they. Read the following sentence. They have several books about Greek myths at the library.

Pronouns and Antecedents The meaning of They is unclear. The sentence can be improved by rewriting it in the following manner. Several books about myths are available at the library.

Pronouns and Antecedents When using pronouns, you must also make sure that they agree with their antecedents in number (singular or plural) and gender. The gender of a noun may be masculine (male), feminine (female), or neuter (referring to things). Notice how the pronouns on the next slide agree with their antecedents.

Pronouns and Antecedents 1.The myth of Arachne is amusing. I enjoyed it. 2.The bystanders see Athena. They watch her at the loom. In the first sentence, myth is the antecedent of the pronoun it. In the second sentence, bystanders is the antecedent of They, and Athena is the antecedent of her.

Using Pronouns Correctly He and Carmen wrote a report on the subject. (Not Him and Carmen) Tell John and me about Hercules. (Not John and I) Subject pronouns are used in compound subjects, and object pronouns are used in compound objects

Using Pronouns Correctly Lee read a famous myth to me. Lee read a famous Roman myth to John and me. A preposition takes an object, just as many verbs do. The object of a preposition can be simple or compound. In either case, use an object pronoun as the object of the preposition.

Possessive Pronouns A possessive pronoun is a pronoun that shows who or what has something. A possessive pronoun may take the place of a possessive noun. Read the following sentences. Notice the possessive nouns and the possessive pronouns that replace them. Homer’s story is famous. His story is famous. This story is Homer’s. This story is his. Possessive nouns are in green. Possessive pronouns are in red.

Possessive Pronouns Possessive pronouns have two forms. One form is used before a noun. The other form is used alone. ours yours theirs mine yours his, hers, its Used alone our your their my your his, her, its Used before nouns PluralSingular

Possessive Pronouns Possessive pronouns are not written with apostrophes. The pronoun its, for example, shows possession. The word it’s, on the other hand, is a contraction of it is. Read the following sentences. Notice the meaning of the words in red type. Its central character is Odysseus. (possessive pronoun) It’s about the adventures of Odysseus. (contraction of It is) Possessive pronouns are not written with apostrophes. The pronoun its, for example, shows possession. The word it’s, on the other hand, is a contraction of it is. Read the following sentences. Notice the meaning of the words in red type. Its central character is Odysseus. (possessive pronoun) It’s about the adventures of Odysseus. (contraction of It is)

Simple Past Tense Talk about things in general Example Children like ice cream Something happens repeatedly or for habitual actions or daily activities. Example Paul wakes up at 5 in the morning General truth Example The earth goes round the sun.

Simple Past Tense Affirmative I was You were He was She was It was We were They were Affirmative I was You were He was She was It was We were They were Affirmative I did You did He did She did It did We did They did

Affirmative Sentence (+) He studied Economics everyday. He was a diligent student. They worked on their new project. They were very solid in their teamwork.

Simple Past Tense Negative I was not You were not He was not She was not It was not We were not They were not Negative I was not You were not He was not She was not It was not We were not They were not Negative I did not You did not He did not She did not It did not We did not They did not

Negative Sentence (-) He did not study Economics everyday. He was not a diligent student. They did not work on their new project. They were not very solid in their teamwork.

Simple Past Tense Interrogative Was I …? Were you …? Was he …? Was she …? Was it …? Were we …? Were they …? Interrogative Was I …? Were you …? Was he …? Was she …? Was it …? Were we …? Were they …? Interrogative Did I …? Did you …? Did he …? Did she …? Did it …? Did we …? Did they …?

Interrogative Sentence (?) Did he study economics everyday? Was he a diligent student? Did they work on their new project? Were they very solid in their teamwork?

At the beginning of a sentence Check the pins Open the ZIF sockets Leave your hardware in these bags In the middle of a sentence After you lock CPU into place, take the retention clips on either side of the CPU fan If you really need to lean on it, though, check to be sure the chip is installed correctl Non Imperative Sentence To build a house, you will need a lot of materials To start cooking, you have to prepare the ingredients first Imperative Sentence

IMPERATIVE SENTENCE STRUCTURE The subject in this sentence is ‘You’ the verb is V-inf - (You) Open the door, please! - (You) Check the pins IMPERATIVE SENTENCE STRUCTURE The subject in this sentence is ‘You’ the verb is V-inf - (You) Open the door, please! - (You) Check the pins

References Louis, St Rubena and Pereira, Silvia (2010). Focus on reading. Rubena St. Louis: Venezuela Mikulecky, Beatrice S (1996). More Reading Power. Longman William, E (1984). Reading in the language classroom. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Gunning, Thomas (2010). A step by step program for developing higher level skills in struggling readers. International Reading Association Harmer, Jeremy (2004). Just. Marshall Cavendish Ltd

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