Core 1: Critical Question 3 Heading: What Strategies help to Promote the Health of Individuals

Sub: What is Health Promotion Health promotion aims to improve the skills and capabilities of individuals in order to foster improved health It focuses on actions that prevent poor health from occurring or recurring. It is not about treating poor health after it has occurred. WHO (World Health Organisation) refers to it as ‘enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health’.

Heading: Who is Responsible for Health Promotion Individuals, groups and governments need to work together. They cannot work separately.

Sub: Individuals The Individual plays a large role. Options and resources can be provided, however, it is still up to the individual’s responsibility to develop and promote healthy behaviours. How can individuals do this? Can keep well informed of new developments Are active participants in the health education Behave in a safe and healthy way Promote health with their families and peers Participate and support actions in their workplace.

Sub: Community Groups/Schools Provide services that are appropriate for their community (eg. Walking clubs) Provides focus on health services and education at the local level Provide access to knowledge, resources and skills that promote change Write your own examples L ocal councils, Gyms, Health Curriculum, Healthy Canteen, No Hat No Play Sporting clubs

Sub:Non Government Organisations Include lobby groups, special interest groups and political pressure groups. (eg. Pedestrian Council of NSW, Cancer Council, Greenpeace, Heart foundation, Asthma Foundation, Black Dog Institute.) Influences governments and decision-makers Collect information and data through research Provide the public with information (marketing)

Sub: Governments Sub sub: Federal or Commonweath St eers and coordinates policies and directions National campaigns, strategies health policies Work with state gov’ts to integrate policies Support research, monitor programs Funding for states

RTA Strategies - 'No one thinks big of you', 'No belt No brain', 'Microsleeps'.

Sub sub: State Mainly deliver primary health services through hospitals and clinics. Can be delivered through schools and local community agencies Sub Sub: Local Councils Implement Federal and State initiatives Main duties are in the areas of F ood safety, sewage management, water quality. Swimming pool safety, fencing Injury prevention and safety promotion Promote physical activity and nutrition

Sub: International Organisations World Health Organisation (WHO) -provides leadership on global health -sets priorities on health research -provides support -assesses global health trends United Nations (UN) -better living standards -develop relationships -promote human rights -maintain peace and security Question- Outline the main aims of health promotion?

Heading: Health Promotion Approaches and Strategies - Lifestyle/Behavioural approach - Public Health Approach - Preventative Medical Approach

Sub: Individual Lifestyle Approach These programs aim to develop skills and empower people to take control of their behaviour and attitudes. Examples include: Oral health programs targeting primary school aged children and Physcial activity programs for overweight adults Sun safe promotions for school aged children Quit smoking campaigns e.g Quitline Weight loss hotlines e.g Jenny Craig This approach presumes that, with relevant information, people will change their actions and way of thinking to improve their health.

Sub: Preventative Medical Approach Many illnesses and diseases can be prevented using Vaccinations and Heath Screenings. Examples include: Childhood immunisations - tetanus, whooping cough, measles etc Adult immunisations - flu, cervical cancer (women) Screenings - breast, cervical and bowel cancer, heart screening

(Write 2 examples for each level of prevention) - Don't copy Pr imary Prevention - Here the goal is to protect healthy people from developing a disease or experiencing an injury in the first place. Secondary Prevention - These interventions happen after an illness or serious risk factors have already been diagnosed. Tertiary Prevention - This focuses on helping people manage complicated, long-term health problems or from health problems reoccurring.

Sub: Public Health Approach Public Health approaches are done on a large scale. They seek to involve as many people as possible to improve health by addressing underlying risk factors. Examples include: Health promoting schools - PDHPE theory, anti-bullying, healthy canteens Work Cover - injury management, return to work, OH & S

Heading: The Ottawa Charter (1986) In November 1986, (130 nations) a meeting was held in Ottawa, Canada, and this was the first real international conference on health promotion. They created a document with strategies to achieve "health for all" The Ottawa Charter provides a framework for the implementation of health promotion. The Ottawa charter has 5 ACTION AREAS

Questions 1. Explain what the term empowerment of individuals means and how it relates to health promotion? 2. Explain the importance of non government organisations in health promotion.

Sub: 5 Action Areas 1. Develop personal skills 2. Create supportive environment 3. Strengthen community action 4. Reorient health services 5. Build healthy public policy Acronyms: Dead Cats Smell Really Bad or DR BCS (Order does not matter)

Sub: Developing Personal Skills Enabling or empowering people to develop life skills that will assist them in preventing or treating diseases. Examples H ealth education in schools Media campaigns encouraging healthy life choices Physical Activity and nutrition guidelines English speaking courses for new immigrants Anti-smoking programs Developing Health literacy skills

Sub: Creating Supportive Environments All about creating surroundings that make it easier to make healthy choices. Examples Child care centres in workplaces Needle exchange programs Gradual elimination of lead from petrol Setting targets for reducing carbon dioxide levels (Carbon tax) On the road - Speed humps, speed limits, school zones etc At school - healthy canteens, student welfare programs, counsellors On the sporting field - moddied rules, protective equipment, padded areas In your home - smoke alarms, electricity cut off switches

Sub: Strengthening Community Action Getting communities together and involved. Communities then feel more ownership and control over their own endeavours and destinies. Examples: Self help groups - Alcoholyics Anonymous Lions club driver reviver stations Community Events - 'City to Surf' or 'Bay to Bay' Clean up Australia Day Drop in centres for young people Lobbying groups - changing speed limits, adding walking paths etc

Sub: Reorienting Health Services Changing the direction of our health services. Focus more on prevention than cures. They need to specific to the needs of the population. They need to be colaborative between health institutions and governments. Examples: Increased government funding for health promotion Cholesterol and Blood pressure checks in shopping centres Courtesy buses for pubs/clubs Doctors working with child care centres to promote immunisations Police working in schools to address drink driving and crime

Sub: Building Healthy Public Policy Legislation, laws, regulations, etc to prevent unhealthy behaviour Examples: Restrictions to advertising cigarettes Smoke free workplaces and public buildings Age restrictions for drinking alcohol Compulsory Swimming pool fencing Earlier closing times for pubs and clubs

Ottawa Charters Contribution to Tobbaco Use

Heading:Principles of Social Justice Social justice is a value that favours the reduction or elimination of inequality. Access to good health should be available to all individuals. Equity Diversity Supportive Environments

Sub: Equity Health equity means that everyone has access to the health services and support they need, when they need it and in a place that is accessible. It involves making sure resources and funding is distributed fairly and without discrimination.

Sub: Diversity Ensuring population groups are not discriminated against in terms of age, sex or ethnicity. Examples: Information available in various languages Placing health services in places easy to access by public transport Celebrating various cultures Understanding different health issues for various population groups

Sub: Supportive Environments Supportive environments require that physical, social, economic and political environments that are supportive of health rather than damaging to it. The principle is also concerned with ensuring people have access to resources and opportunities for empowerment that will support their health. Examples: Home Work Schools

Core 1 is now COMPLETE!!

Work that should be completed Environmental Factors Homework Sheet Planing a healthier environment questions 1-3 Public Health Approach (Schools and Workplaces) Worksheet

The Effectiveness of Different Health Promotion Video Clips Name of the advertisement? What is the aim of the advertisement? What strategies has the creator used to get the message across? Comment on the how effective you think the ad is?