Chapter 11 The French Revolution Section 4- Napoleon’s Empire Chapter 11 The French Revolution Section 4- Napoleon’s Empire

 Terms dictatorship: A government headed by an absolute ruler. dictatorship: A government headed by an absolute ruler. plebiscite:Direct popular vote on a program or issue. plebiscite:Direct popular vote on a program or issue. nationalism:Pride in one’s own nation; desire for independence. nationalism:Pride in one’s own nation; desire for independence.

 Napoleon Dictatorship Government under absolute ruler. Government under absolute ruler. Executive Branch- 3 members consisting of Consuls- Napoleon First Consul. Executive Branch- 3 members consisting of Consuls- Napoleon First Consul. Education under Napoleon’s government Education under Napoleon’s government –Creates technical schools –Secondary schools- lycees –Universities

 Napoleon Dictatorship con’t Financial System Financial System –Creates Bank of France –Requires all citizens to pay taxes. –Collected taxes allowed govt to make business loans. –Brought inflation and high prices under control. Supporters welcome Napoleon’s strong government. Supporters welcome Napoleon’s strong government. 1802: Napoleon named himself Consul for life- approved by plebiscite. 1802: Napoleon named himself Consul for life- approved by plebiscite.

 Napoleonic Code To make French law clear, Napoleon had a new law code written. To make French law clear, Napoleon had a new law code written. Equality of all citizens before the law. Equality of all citizens before the law. Advancement based on merit not on birthright. Advancement based on merit not on birthright. Placed state above the individual Placed state above the individual –Limited freedom of speech & press. –Women lost many rights gained in Revolution. –Male heads of households given extensive authority over wives and minor children.

 Concordat of 1801 Agreement between Napoleon & Pope Pius VII. Agreement between Napoleon & Pope Pius VII. Acknowledged Catholicism while maintaining religious tolerance. Acknowledged Catholicism while maintaining religious tolerance. Pope agreed to loss of church lands. Pope agreed to loss of church lands. Govt paid clergy salaries. Govt paid clergy salaries.

 Building an Empire Military leadership Military leadership Forms Diplomatic alliances Forms Diplomatic alliances Napoleon crowns himself Emperor in 1804 Napoleon crowns himself Emperor in 1804

 Battle of Trafalgar 1805: Napoleon attacks Great Britain’s Navy. 1805: Napoleon attacks Great Britain’s Navy. French navy defeated at Battle of Trafalgar- off the southern coast of Spain. French navy defeated at Battle of Trafalgar- off the southern coast of Spain. British Admiral, Lord Nelson, victorious. Died at end of battle. British Admiral, Lord Nelson, victorious. Died at end of battle.

 Economic Blockades Napoleon tries to defeat British thru economic warfare (Continental System). Napoleon tries to defeat British thru economic warfare (Continental System). Continental System Continental System –Napoleon ordered all French-conquered nations to stop trade with British. –Required Russia & Prussia to go along with blockade of British goods. –Failed because British still controlled seas.

 Napoleonic Europe 1812: France stretches to Russian border (had conquered Italy, Spain & Holland). 1812: France stretches to Russian border (had conquered Italy, Spain & Holland). Napoleon abolishes the Holy Roman Empire. Napoleon abolishes the Holy Roman Empire. –Establishes Confederation of the Rhine (German States). Prussia declares war- defeated by French. Prussia declares war- defeated by French. Resentment by French-conquered nations prompts nationalism (loss of land, property, people to French army). They want own culture & traditions. Begin Revolts against France. Resentment by French-conquered nations prompts nationalism (loss of land, property, people to French army). They want own culture & traditions. Begin Revolts against France. Spanish oust French under the command of Duke of Wellington (Arthur Wesley) & reinstate king and limited monarchy. Spanish oust French under the command of Duke of Wellington (Arthur Wesley) & reinstate king and limited monarchy.

Downfall of Empire Downfall of Empire Russian Czar, Alexander I, withdrew from Continental System. Russian Czar, Alexander I, withdrew from Continental System. Napoleon invaded Russia and was defeated (400,000/600,000 French troops die). Napoleon invaded Russia and was defeated (400,000/600,000 French troops die). 1813: Napoleon defeated by Russia, Prussia, Spain, Great Britain, Austria, Italy. 1813: Napoleon defeated by Russia, Prussia, Spain, Great Britain, Austria, Italy. 1814: Napoleon abdicates as Emperor. Throne restored to Louis XVIII. 1814: Napoleon abdicates as Emperor. Throne restored to Louis XVIII. –Napoleon exiled to Elba (island off Italy). –French borders returned to that of 1792.

Downfall of Empire con’t Downfall of Empire con’t 1815: Napoleon returns and reigns during period ‘100 Days” and vows France wants no more land. 1815: Napoleon returns and reigns during period ‘100 Days” and vows France wants no more land. Prussia, Great Britain, Netherlands, under Duke of Wellington, fear Napoleon. Napoleon defeated at Waterloo (Austrian Netherlands). Prussia, Great Britain, Netherlands, under Duke of Wellington, fear Napoleon. Napoleon defeated at Waterloo (Austrian Netherlands). Napoleon arrested Napoleon arrested 1821: dies on island of St. Helena in South Atlantic. 1821: dies on island of St. Helena in South Atlantic.

Enemies of Napoleon: Duke Wellington Czar Alexander 1st, WINNERS!!!

neVER Attack Russia! They be chillin!

Waterloo

Napoleon’s Legacy Napoleon’s Legacy Spread ideas of equality. Spread ideas of equality. Religious tolerance. Religious tolerance. Advancement by merit not birth. Advancement by merit not birth. Uniformed standards of govt. Uniformed standards of govt. Reformed tax systems. Reformed tax systems. promoted education. promoted education. Improved agriculture and industry Improved agriculture and industry

 French people wanted to keep freedoms they fought for during Revolution and after Napoleon’s Empire.