S. Kafetzoglou, C. Papagianni Network Management & Optimal Design Laboratory National Technical University of Athens Mobile Crowdsensing, Social and Big Data as Innovation Enablers for Future Internet Cloud-based Architectures and Services Athens - March 18, 2014 Resource Abstraction & Virtualization

Virtualization technologies: mechanisms for decoupling hardware and software resources from their physical implementation. Key point to resource virtualization: introduction of an indirection layer below the execution environment seen by applications and operating systems. Virtualization is mainly applied and refers to network, storage and computing resources Resource Virtualization

Advent of IoT concept The IoT vision: allow connectivity of anything from anywhere at anytime Sensors and actuators play a vital role in this new digital ecosystem Apply virtualization and abstraction techniques to sensing resources new powerful applications Image source:

The need Traditional sensors & WSNs Application specific, no reusability Limited capabilities, Heterogeneity in hardware, OS, communication protocols. Challenge Allow heterogeneous sensors co-exist Clean separation of services and infrastructure Trading of sensor resources among several service providers Build innovative, cost-effective applications and technical solutions Solution Abstraction and virtualization of sensing resources

The method Virtual Sensor Software sensor as opposed to a physical sensor. Can be either an abstracted sensor in an overlay network, a WSN, or an aggregated measurement of a group of heterogeneous physical sensors. VSNs Collaborative form of WSNs Subset of sensor nodes of WSNs Dedicated to a certain task Can be easily reconfigured and re-purposed Emerge of Virtual Sensor Nodes & Virtual Sensor Networks.

Introduction of Virtualization / Abstraction layer Virtual Sensor Networks Subset of sensor nodes of WSNs for specific applications Several challenges arise  Isolation  Manageability  Scalability Relevant Projects  VSNs  VITRO  FRESnel

Sensor Virtualization Most common solution: introduction of a virtualization layer  Provides abstraction for the programmers  Mate VM one of the first virtualization approaches sensor Difficulties to integrate sensors due to heterogeneity issues

Sensor Data Modeling Sensor Model Language (SensorML) Observations & Measurements (O&M) Sensor Observations Service (SOS) OGC Sensor Web Enablement framework (SWE) Ontology for sensor and sensor data (CSIRO) Annotation framework for semantic metadata to SWE framework W3C Semantic Sensor Incubator Group SUMO OntoSensor LENS Significant Research Work

Participatory Sensing Resource rich Support advanced apps Equipped with sensors Communicate with external sensors Participatory sensing: deployed mobile devices form interactive, participatory sensor networks for enabling users to gather, analyze and share local knowledge Applications: public health, urban planning, public transportation Image source:

Mobile Crowdsensing Participatory sensing Opportunistic sensing Mobile Crowdsensing Applications  Environmental (eg. Common Sense)  Infrastructure (eg. MIT’s CarTel)  Social (eg. BikeNet and DietSense) Image source: Participatory Sensing and Crowd Management in Public Spaces 2011 Lord Mayor's Show

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