Medical Terminology List 3 Chapter 2

Organization of the Body

Cells Basic functional unit of the body

Tissue Groups of cells Working together To perform a specialize function

Organ Composed to 2 or more different types of tissue Specific function Usually recognizable shape

System Related organs Common function

Organism Collection of body systems Make up the most complex level of life

Body Systems -11 Circulatory System Lymphatic (immune) system Digestive system Endocrine system Reproductive system Muscular system Skeletal system Nervous system Respiratory system Integumentary system Urinary system

Acronym for 11 body systems MURDERS LINC Muscular Urinary Reproductive Digestive Endocrine Respiratory Skeletal Lymphatic Integumentary Nervous Circulatory

Circulatory System Contains Function Heart, Arteries; Veins; Capillaries; Blood; Spleen Function to deliver oxygenated blood to the body

Lymphatic (Immune) System Contains Lymph nodes, white blood cells Function to remove infectious diseases and other pathogens from the human body

Digestive System Contains Function Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder, Intestines Function To convert food particles into simpler, molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body

Endocrine System Contains: Glands hypothalamus pituitary gland thyroid parathyroid adrenal glands pancreas testes ovaries

Endocrine System Function to control growth, development, metabolism and reproduction through the production and secretion of hormones

Reproductive System Contains Function Female: Ovaries, uterus, vagina Male: Testis, penis, prostate Function Allows for the continuation of the human species

Muscular System Contains Function Muscles works with the skeletal and nervous system to produce movement

Skeletal System Contains Function Bones Femur, humerus, radius and ulna, cranium, fibula and tibia, vertebrae, pelvic bone, phalanges Function to provide structure and support to the body

Nervous System Contains Function Brain, spinal cord, nerves to coordinate the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment

Respiratory System Contains Function Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, alveoli, lungs, diaphragm Function to provide the body with a oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Integumentary System Contains Function Skin protection to the underlying layers body temperature regulation nerves that respond to temperature, touch, pressure, and pain

Urinary System Contains Function Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra Remove waste products from the body Keep fluid and electrolyte levels normal

Body Cavities Cranial Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Spinal Pleura

Cranial Cavity Location Contains Surrounded by the skull, in the head Brain, meninges

Thoracic Cavity Location Contains Chest area Surrounded by the ribs Lung, heart, trachea

Abdominal Cavity Location Contains Below the thoracic cavity and above the pelvic cavity Contains Digestive organs Stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, intestines kidney

Pelvic Cavity Location Contains Below the abdominal cavity, Surrounded by the pelvis Contains Reproductive organs, urinary bladder, rectum

Spinal Cavity Location Contains Space surrounded by the spinal column Spinal cord

Pleura Cavity Location Contains Pleura surrounds the lungs Cavity is the space between the pleura and the lungs Contains Pleural fluid

Diaphragm Location Contains The muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity Contains Muscle that aids in respiration

Mediastinum Location Contains Large space between the lungs Heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchi

What cavity is it?

Body Planes How to cut the body into pieces!

Sagittal AKA: Vertically divides the body right half and left half. Lateral Vertically divides the body right half and left half. Midsagittal Divides the body through the midline

Transverse AKA Axial Horizontally divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Coronal AKA Divides the body front to back Frontal Divides the body front to back Into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions.

Directions Movements of the body!

Adduction Movement towards the midline of the body

Abduction Movement away from the midline of the body

Superior AKA Cephalic Cranial Above or higher; toward the head

Inferior AKA Caudal Below or lower, toward the tail

Anterior AKA Ventral Front of the body, toward the front

Posterior AKA Dorsal Back of the body; toward the back

Medial Pertaining to the middle; toward the midline

Lateral Pertaining to the side; toward the side

External Outside, exterior to

Internal Within, interior to

Superficial Toward or on the surface

Deep Away from the surface

Proximal Near the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure

Distal Farther from the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure

Parietal Pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity

Visceral Pertaining to the organs within a cavity Parietal pericardium 2. Visceral pericardium 3. Parietal pleura 4. Visceral pleura 5. Parietal peritoneum 6. Visceral peritoneum 7. Parietal peritoneum 8. Visceral peritonem