P. 266 By Chaipatr and Koichi

 There are 206 pieces of bones in our body.  Our bone is made mainly out of calcium and phosphorus.  The skeletal system is the basic framework of our body.

 Protect the internal organs  Support the body  Store materials that your body needs  Allows your body to move

 Gives you basic shape and support  The backbone is at the center of the body, it is consisted with 33 vertebrae  Many bones protect the internal organs from external injuries.

 The muscles, nervous and skeletal system work together to allow movements through the body.

 Your bones store minerals and release it whenever the body needs them.  Some bones also produces the blood.

 Cartilages are softer and more flexible bone.  Cartilages mature into bones through ossification.  Ossification is the process in which mineral stores and harden the bones.

 After young adulthood, the only cartilage left is the cushion in the joints and parts of the ear, nose, and at the end of some bones.

 There are 2 types of bones, compact and spongy bones.  Marrow fills the space in the spongy bones.  There are 2 types of marrows, red and yellow.  Red bones produces blood.  Yellow bones store fats.

 Joints are where 2 or more bones meet and connect.  Joints allow for movement and protect bones from friction and force.  Some joints such as in your skull allows no motion.  There are 4 types of movable joints, the pivot joint, the ball-and-socket joint, the gliding joint, and the hinge joint.

 Bones are held together to the joints by strong fibrous bands called ligaments.  Cartilage also acts as a cushion to protect the joints from friction.  Membrane around the joints secrete a fluid that lubricate the joints to reduce friction.

 Not enough mineral can result in osteoporosis, a condition in which the bones weaken and break easily.  Nutrients that are important to bones include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, vitamins A, C, and D.

 Weight-bearing activities such as running and dancing can help your bones grow stronger.  Fracture is the break in a bone.  Fracture can be treated by splinting, casting or sometimes surgery.  You can wear protective equipments when attending a sport to protect yourself from injuries.

 Sprains are overstretched or torn ligament.  Sprains can be treated by icing or pain relievers. Severe sprains may need bracing or a surgery.  Dislocation is when the bone’s end has been forced out of their normal position.  To treat dislocation, bones are put back to the proper position and then casted until the cartilage heals.

 Torn Cartilage is when there is a serious damage to the cartilage between the bone and the joint.  Torn cartilage can be treated by arthroscopic surgery, a surgery method in which a fiber is put inside a joint to analyze the damage.  Overuse injuries occurs when an activity is performed too much.

 Scoliosis is the abnormal curvature of the spine.  Scoliosis usually develops during childhood, but it may not be detected until the ten years.

1. How many vertebrae are in the backbone? 2. What is the bone that connects 2 or more bones together? 3. Give one example of a bone problem. 4. Name 2 bones in your skeletal system.