Gender Differences. SEX VS. GENDER biology & behavior.

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Presentation transcript:

Gender Differences

SEX VS. GENDER biology & behavior

Gender in development differences from the start… XX vs. XY girls = healthier and hardier at birth girls = more “verbal” boys = more “active”

Gender in development cognitive gender development… Children first understand gender, then identify with it (cute/embarrassing stories) Constancy age 3- identify, age 4- stability, age 5- constancy Stereotypes age 2- clothes, 3- toys, 4- colors, 5-behavioral traits (boys before girls, Santa study, Simpson, 1982) (Damon, 1977 quotes)

Gender in development psychological differences… (Maccoby & Jacklin, reviewed over 1500 studies) Girls = more verbal Boys = better spatial abilities Boys = better at arithmetic reasoning involving spatial skills Boys = show greater physical and verbal aggression

Gender in development also: Boys may be more active, explorative Boys may engage in more rough play Girls may be more responsive to infants Girls may be less demanding and more compliant to parents

Gender in development but… GROUP AVERAGES! unfounded… Girls = more social Girls = more suggestible Girls = lower self-esteem Boys = more analytic & logical Girls = less motivated

Gender in development Gender segregation… Dolls vs. trucks? (age 2) Same sex play age 4: three times more likely age 6-7: eleven times more likely What’s causing this?

nature-nurture- nature-nurture- nature-nurture- nature…

Adult Gender Differences and Research Cross-cultural adjective study: Williams & Best, 1990 Biochemical differences (hormones) Brain differences (size and lateralization)

Why are gender differences important?

What a man would say… Politics Power Dominance…

What a woman would say… Relationships Understanding…

Homework Watch “the Hot Chick” no, seriously Three commercials (plus, your own scouting) Psych. Today article Taking sides article Kate Bornstein’s test & website ( Extra: Yahoo news article & Parentsoup article

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