C h a p t e r 26 The Urinary System PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres North Harris College Houston, Texas Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Introduction  The urinary system includes the kidneys, the ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.  Performs vital excretory functions:  Regulating plasma concentrations of ions  Regulating blood volume and blood pressure by adjusting the volume of water lost in the urine, releasing erythropoietin, and releasing renin  Contributing to the stabilization of blood pH  Conserving valuable nutrients  Eliminating organic waste products  Synthesizing calcitriol.  Assisting the liver in detoxifying poisons Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys  Urine-producing organ of the urinary system  Two kidneys in the retroperitoneal area  Left kidney is higher than the right kidney  Contain millions of tiny nephrons Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.1a An Introduction to the Urinary System (a) Anterior View Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.1b An Introduction to the Urinary System: (a) Posterior View Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.1c An Introduction to the Urinary System: (c) Transverse Section at L 1 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.1d An Introduction to the Urinary System: (d) Transverse Section at T 12

The Kidneys Figure 26.2 The Urinary System in Gross Dissection Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.3a Structure of the Kidney: (a) Frontal Section of Left Kidney, Anterior View Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.3b, c Structure of the Kidney: (b) Calyces and Renal Pelvis; (c) Urogram Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.4a Blood Supply to the Kidneys, (a) Frontal Section Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.4b Blood Supply to the Kidneys, (b) Cortical Circulation

The Kidneys Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.4c Blood Supply to the Kidneys, (c) Flowchart of Renal Ciriulation

The Kidneys Figure 26.5 Renal Vessels and Blood Flow Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.6 A Typical Nephron Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.7a, b Histology of the Nephron, Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.7a, c Histology of the Nephron,

The Kidneys Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.7a, d Histology of the Nephron,

The Kidneys Figure 26.7e, f Histology of the Nephron Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.8a, c The Renal Corpuscle Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.8b The Renal Corpuscle Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.8d The Renal Corpuscle Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.8e The Renal Corpuscle Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.9a Images of the Urinary System: (a) Color-Enhanced CT Scan Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure 26.9b Images of the Urinary System: (b) Renal Angiogram Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Kidneys Figure Histology of a Renal Glomerulus of a Patient with a Condition Similar to Danni’s. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and Elimination  Ureters  Urinary bladder  Urethra  There are significant differences between the male and female urethra. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Figure 26.9c Images of the Urinary System (c) Normal Pyelogram Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and Elimination

M Figure 26.10a Organs Responsible for the Conduction and Storage of Urine: (a) Male Pelvis, Sagittal Section Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and Elimination

M Figure 26.10b Organs Responsible for the Conduction and Storage of Urine: (b) Female Pelvis, Sagittal Section Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and Elimination

M Figure 26.10c, d Organs Responsible for the Conduction and Storage of Urine: (c) Male Bladder, Anterior View; (d) Male Bladder, Posterior View Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and Elimination

M Figure Histology of the Collecting and Transport Organs Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and Elimination

Aging and the Urinary System  A decline in the number of functional nephrons  A reduction in glomerular filtration  Reduced sensitivity to ADH  Problems with the micturition reflex related to the following factors:  Loss of tone in sphincter muscles leading to incontinence  Strokes, Alzheimer’s disease, or other CNS problems impair ability to control micturition  Urinary retention may develop in men whose prostrate glands are enlarged Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings