DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY
TUBE ABOVE THE TABLE
TUBE UNDER THE TABLE
C-ARM FLUOROSCOPY
MINI C-ARM
CONVENTIONAL FLUOROSCOPY
FLUOROSCOPIC DATA AQUSITION-IMAGE INTENSIFIED SYSTEM X-RAY TUBE PATIENT IMAGE INTENSIFIER OUTPUT PHOSPHOR CAMERA MONITOR
BEAM SPLITTER
FLUOROSCOPIC DATA AQUSITION-DIGITAL SYSTEM ADC DAC
FLUOROSCOPIC SYSTEM IMAGE INTENSIFIER
CAMERA VIDEO SIGNAL - ANALOG
I.I.
INPUT OF I.I.
OUTPUT OFI.I.
ADVANTAGE OF DF OVER CONVENTIONAL I.I. FLUOROSCOPY SPEED OF IMAGE ACQUISITION POSTPROCESSING
FLUOROSCOPY MATRIX
IMAGE INTENSIFIER SIZE / MATRIX PIXEL SIZE IMAGE INTENSIFIER SIZE / MATRIX
DURING DF TUBE OPERATES IN RADIOGRAPHIC MODE ( HIGH mA value) TUBE HEAT OVERLOAD!!! NO, BEACAUSE OF PULSED BEAM!!! PULSED PROGRESSIVE FLUOROSCOPY
IMAGE ACQUSITION TIME ( CAPTURE) IN FLUORO 1/SEC TO 10/SEC
TUBE INTERROGATION TIME THE TIME REQUIRED FOR THE X-RAY TUBE TO BE SWITCHED ON
EXTINCTION TIME THE TIME REQUIRED FOR THE X-RAY TUBE TO BE SWITCHED OFF
GENERATORS IN DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY THREE PHASE HIGH FREQUENCY EXTINCTION TIME < 1 ms
IN 1980 CCD REPLACED THE CAMERA IN VIDEO SYSTEM
I.I. AND CCD LIGHT SIGNAL
CCD SYSTEM ADVANTAGE OVER CAMERA SYSTEM HIGH DQE LOW LEVEL OF ELECTRONIC NOISE HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION NO LAG OR BLOOMING NO MAINTENANCE UNLIMITED LIFE UNAFFECTED BY MAGNETIC FIELD LINEAR RESPONSE LOWER DOSE
RESPONSE OF CCD- LINEAR
FUTURE – CCD REPLACED BY SILICON PIXEL DETECTORS
VIDEO SYSTEM IN DF 525 LINE SYSTEM
IMAGE FORMATION TEMPORAL SUBTRACTION ENERGY SUBTRACTION
TEMPORAL SUBTRACTION IMAGE OBTAINED AT ONE TIME IS SUBTRACTED FROM THE IMAGE OBTAINED AT THE LATER TIME
ENERGY SUBTRACTION USES TWO DIFFERENT X-RAY BEAMS ALTERNATELY TO PROVIDE A SUBTRACTION IMAGE RESULTING FROM DIFFERENCES IN PHOTOELECTRIC INTERACTION
TEMPORAL S. ENERGY S. HYBRID SUBTRACTION
TEMPORAL SUBTRACTION
SUBTRACTION
DOSE
DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY DOSE ½ OF THE CONVENTIONAL I.I. FLUOROSCOPY