1 Peace Operations The Changing Face of Peacekeeping 1.

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Presentation transcript:

1 Peace Operations The Changing Face of Peacekeeping 1

3 Content 1. The UN Charter 2. The Cold War and the founding operations 3. The Golden Age of peacekeeping 4. The second generation 5. The peacekeeping crisis 6. Recent trends

4 1.The UN Charter 1.1. Collective security 1.2. The Security Council 1.3. Chapter VI 1.4. Chapter VII 1.5. The Military Staff Committee

5 2. The Cold War and the founding operations 2.1. Collective security: Korea 2.2. Legal creativity: « Uniting for Peace » 2.3. Operational creativity: peacekeeping 1948 : Palestine 1949 : India/Pakistan 1956 : Suez

6 3. The Golden Age of peacekeeping 10 operations between 1956 and 1974 Practical experience Building of a “culture” No formal doctrine 6 principles of “traditional” peacekeeping

7 The 6 principles of « traditional » peacekeeping UN operation Established cease fire Consent of warring parties Impartiality Balanced composition Limited use of force

8 Traditional Peacekeeping : an integrated strategy 2. Composition 3. Impartiality 4. Light weaponry 5. Cease fire 6. Consent7. Interposition1. UN ACTORPARAMETERS PRE REQUISITACTIVITY

9 First doctrinal attempt An Agenda for Peace (1992) -Conflict Prevention -Peacemaking -Peacekeeping -Peacebuilding -Peace Enforcement

10 4. The Second Generation International context : end of the Cold War - New conflicts - Unlocking of Security Council Quantitative changes: number, size, cost Qualitative changes: mandate, tasks, context

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12 Second doctrinal attempt Supplement to An Agenda for Peace (1995) 31 January January 1992 December 1994 SC Resolutions Conflicts Ongoing Operations Total Traditional Multidimensional Personnel Budget (millions $)

MINURSO 1991 UNTAC 1992 UNTAG 1989 UNAVEM 1991 ONUSAL 1991

14 5. The crisis of peacekeeping Excess of credibility High ambitions Insufficient means The fatal trilogy : UNPROFOR, UNOSOM, UNAMIR

15 6. Recent trends Robust Operations Regionalization Unbalanced composition Wining hearts and mind Holistic approach of peace : long term, multidimensional

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