Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 Copenmind 2008 Copenhagen, Denmark 3 September 2008 SHERPA PROJECT Christer Söderberg SERO Sweden SMALL HYDROPOWER, ENERGY AND WATER

Christer Söderberg 0710 SMALL HYDROPOWER IN EU-27 SHERPA PROJECT Small Hydropower, energy and water EU definition: max installed capacity 10MW Total capacity: MW Total production: GWh Swedish Renewable Energies Association

Christer Söderberg 0710   Climate Change   Protection of environment   Ending of fossil fuels and rising oil prices   Need to diversify energy mix for the future   Security of supply   New innovative business sector   Urgent need for clean energy WHY RENEWABLES & SMALL HYDROPOWER?

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 Kyoto protocol EU White Paper Directive 2001/77/EC, promotion of renewable electricity New Directive on the promotion of Renewable energy with 20% mandatory target by 2020 POLICY FRAMEWORK

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 SMALL HYDROPOWER BENEFITS SHP can be one of the most economic methods of generating electricity. It has long lifespan up to 50 years or more and relatively low operating and maintenance costs. SHP can be one of the most economic methods of generating electricity. It has long lifespan up to 50 years or more and relatively low operating and maintenance costs. Highly efficient (from 70% to 90%) Highly efficient (from 70% to 90%) Proven and reliable technology Proven and reliable technology Secure source of electricity supply – can counter the Secure source of electricity supply – can counter the intermittency of other renewable energy technologies such as intermittency of other renewable energy technologies such as solar and wind solar and wind Attractive energy pay-back ratio Attractive energy pay-back ratio Tool for flood prevention and control Tool for flood prevention and control Suitable for rural electrification in developing countries Suitable for rural electrification in developing countries

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 Small Hydropower is clean, emissions- free and renewable source of energy NON-COMBUSTION ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION (NCEP)   NO EMISSION AT ENERGY CONVERSION   NO EMISSION AT FUEL PRODUCTION   NO EMISSION AT FUEL TRANSPORT   NO WASTE Highest ranking in Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE  BEFORE 1830 WATER WHEEL  1830 THE WATER TURBINE WAS DEVELOPED IN FRANCE  1880 CA ELECTRICITY PRODUCED WITH HYDROPOWER  FAST DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROPOWER  A DARK PERIOD FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER  SLOWLY REVIVAL OF SMALL HYDROPOWER  A COME-BACK FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 LEADING SHP COUNTRIES IN EU EU MEMBER STATES (6 leading countries account for 85.1% of SHP capacity) COUNTRY CAPACITY, MW PRODUCTION, GWH Italy France Spain Germany Austria Sweden All EU Source: ESHA 2006 figures COUNTRIES OUTSIDE EU Norway Switzerland

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 Country Installed capacity (MW) GWh Country Installed capacity (MW) GWh EU Luxembourg2175 Belgium58173 Hungary1147 Czech Republic Malta00 Denmark1123 Netherlands Germany Austria Estonia622 Poland Greece89327 Portugal Spain Slovenia France Finland Ireland1958 Sweden Italy UK53477 Cyprus00 Bulgaria72854 Latvia2658 Romania Lithuania2566 Slovakia SMALL HYDROPOWER IN EU-27 (source: Eurostat & Eurobserv’ER) 2006)

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 CURRENT TREND COMPARED WITH THE WHITE PAPER OBJECTIVES

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 WHY MODEST GROWTH RATES? Environmental concerns - ecological impact & less economical than large hydro Environmental concerns - ecological impact & less economical than large hydro Regulatory barriers Regulatory barriers Administrative barriers Administrative barriers Lack of financial incentives and clear regulatory framework (developing countries) Lack of financial incentives and clear regulatory framework (developing countries)

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE & SHP WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE & SHP WFD sets an overall objective to achieve ‘good status’ for all waters by WFD sets an overall objective to achieve ‘good status’ for all waters by Environment and sustainability are of crucial importance for SHP development: Environment and sustainability are of crucial importance for SHP development: Reserved flow to protect natural life in the river Reserved flow to protect natural life in the river Continuous research & innovations: fish pass- systems and fish-friendly turbines: infrared & eel Continuous research & innovations: fish pass- systems and fish-friendly turbines: infrared & eel Multi-purpose schemes: electricity production combined with flood control, irrigation channels, waste water treatment and recreational use. Multi-purpose schemes: electricity production combined with flood control, irrigation channels, waste water treatment and recreational use.

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 SMALL HYDROPOWER, WFD & RES DIRECTIVE SMALL HYDROPOWER, WFD & RES DIRECTIVE Small hydropower schemes are mainly run-of-river with little or no reservoir impoundment – a well designed SHP scheme can blend in with its surroundings. Small hydropower schemes are mainly run-of-river with little or no reservoir impoundment – a well designed SHP scheme can blend in with its surroundings. SHP contributes to CO ₂ emissions reduction: 1 GWh of electricity produced by SHP means a reduction of CO ₂ emissions by 700 tonnes. SHP contributes to CO ₂ emissions reduction: 1 GWh of electricity produced by SHP means a reduction of CO ₂ emissions by 700 tonnes. Important: The implementation of the WFD must not oppose the targets of the RES Framework Directive which is also an environmental Directive. Important: The implementation of the WFD must not oppose the targets of the RES Framework Directive which is also an environmental Directive.

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 As a clean, efficient, emissions-free source of renewable energy, small hydropower’s contribution to security of supply, stability of energy prices and climate change mitigation is considerable. The future of small hydropower in the EU will partly depend on these two directives being transposed in a correctly balanced manner. BALANCING THE TARGETS OF WFD AND RES FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 SHP POTENTIAL SHP POTENTIAL In EU-27 up to 34 TWh/year (ESHA estimation) In EU-27 up to 34 TWh/year (ESHA estimation) Potential in upgrading and modernisation Potential in upgrading and modernisation On a global scale – huge possibilities with ETS and CDMs: SHP very suitable technology for rural electrification – cost-effective, creates jobs & wealth On a global scale – huge possibilities with ETS and CDMs: SHP very suitable technology for rural electrification – cost-effective, creates jobs & wealth New projects in particular in China, Japan, India, Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines and Peru (also Turkey and Russia) New projects in particular in China, Japan, India, Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines and Peru (also Turkey and Russia)

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 ESHA Non-profit Organisation, founded 1989 Non-profit Organisation, founded 1989 Headquarters in Renewable Energy House in Brussels Headquarters in Renewable Energy House in Brussels Members in mostly all EU countries and worldwide; industry, national associations, research community, individual members Members in mostly all EU countries and worldwide; industry, national associations, research community, individual members Promotion of SHP, lobbying, projects & information dissemination Promotion of SHP, lobbying, projects & information dissemination

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