The Solar System

What is a solar system? The Solar System consists of the Sun and its planetary system of eight planets. The Solar System is located within one of the outer arms of Milky Way which contains about 200 billion stars. For many thousands of years, humanity, with a few notable exceptions, did not recognize the existence of the Solar System. People believed the Earth to be stationary at the centre of the universe and categorically different from the divine or ethereal objects that moved through the sky. The Solar System formed 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud.

Planets in the solar system. Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

Mercury Although it is uncertain when Mercury was discovered, its existence has been known since antiquity due to its visibility to the naked eye. Moreover, it is because the ancient Romans had knowledge of Mercury that it received its name. The explanation is simple. Since Mercury orbits the Sun faster than any other planet in the solar system, it appears and disappears more quickly than other objects in the sky.

Venus As the third brightest object in Earth's sky after the Sun and moon, Venus has undoubtedly been visible throughout all of human history. However, prehistoric peoples' understanding of the planet was inaccurate, for they believed Venus to be two distinct objects, a morning and an evening star. This misunderstanding was due to Venus' visibility occurring just before dawn and right after dusk, but not during the day.

Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and largest of the terrestrial planets. Suprisingly, while it is only the fifth largest planet in terms of size and mass, it is the densest (5,513 kg/m3) of all the planets. Regarding its name, Earth is the only planet not named after a mythological being. Instead, its name is derived from the Old English word "ertha," which means ground.

Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and last of the terrestrial planets. Like the rest of the planets in the solar system (except Earth), Mars is named after a mythological figure—the Roman god of war. In addition to its official name, Mars is sometimes referred to as the Red Planet due to the color of its brownish-red surface. Mars is the second smallest planet in the solar system behind Mercury.

Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and second largest planet of the Solar System in terms of diameter and mass. If compared, it is easy to see why Saturn and Jupiter have been designated as relatives. From atmospheric composition to rotation, these two planets are extremely similar.

Jupiter Jupiter is easily the largest and most massive planet in the Solar System. To put this in perspective, it would take 11 Earths lined up next to each other to stretch from one side of Jupiter to the other and it would take 317 Earths to equal the mass of Jupiter!

Uranus  Uranus, is the seventh planet in the Solar System and third of the gas giants. It is the third largest planet by diameter, yet fourth most massive.

Neptune Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun and last of the known planets. While it is the third largest planet with respect to mass, it is only the fourth largest in terms of diameter.

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