Education of boys and girls Single-Sex vs. Coeducation Brendan Benway Kye Paradise Ella Masita

Contents Brief History Differences between boys and girls Single Sex Schools Coeducational Schools Windham High Study Video Discussion Final Thoughts

HISTORY OF EDUCATION Ancient Rome Europe North America School Characteristic until 18th century: all men with few facilities for girls. Focused on education for boys to learn literacy and arithmetic Girls received elementary instruction from their mothers and convents. very few numbers of aristocratic women were educated in schools.

not in common for women to enroll as students in formal classes together with men; usually attend single-sex female classes in household duties, good manners, music, and conversation. Prepared to be good wives and mothers for their future families.

At the beginning of 19th century: the new concern of education for women were arisen. granted to give similar educational opportunities in coeducational classrooms in public schools. Female enrollment in American public schools grew up significantly. the higher educational institutions accepted women.

Before 2001: After 2001: Co-education in public schools Single-sex education in Catholic private schools Title IX After 2001: NCLB (2001) Guidelines on current Title IX (2002)

Differences in Single-sex education between 19th century with 21stcentury : No alternative option Boys : literacy and arithmetic Girls :household duties, good manners, music, and conversation Religious reasons voluntary with the coed options remain Separated but equal Academic achievement orientation

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS Are they really different?

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS Cognitive ability Human Brain Perceptual tasks Memory ability Verbal ability Visual-spatial ability Quantitative ability “WOMAN IS ALWAYS CURIOUS TO WHAT MAN FORGETS WHILE MAN IS ALWAYS CURIOUS TO WHAT WOMAN REMEMBERS” Research ONLY found the differences of the human brain; no cause and effect conclusion

Psychological and social development Aspect of aggression Myth : boys are more aggressive than girls Fact 1 : Yes, in physical aggression Fact 2 : Girls are more dominant in relational aggression

Friendship Myth : girls were more intimate than boys Fact 1 : boys feel emotionally closer to friend Fact 2 : Girls like to establish intimacy through discussion and self-disclosure Fact 3 : boys likely to do shared activities to establish close relationship

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Myth : girls are at lower risk than boys Fact 1 : girls with ADHD are less likely to be detected Fact 2 : ADHD at boys Hyperactive type : abnormally high activity levels and decreased ability to control their impulses Fact 3 : ADHD at girls Inattentive type : distractibility and difficulties focusing and sustaining attention

Learning styles Accommodator Converger Diverger Assimilator

Female : evenly distributed Male : a substantial number in assimilators, convergers, and accommodators More focus on the big picture of problem, enjoy evaluating process, process, or product

IMPORTANT NOTES Previous data showed only male and female differences in general, not how an individual will perform There is far more variability within a gender than there is between genders Differences do NOT imply an order of rank Girls and boys are different but doe not mean boys are better than girls or vice versa

Single Sex Schools Creates opportunities. Language and Math. Strategies used by teachers. Language and Math. Boys in language Girls in math Achievement

Single Sex Schools Benefit to level of ability School Size Which boys did better? Which girls did better? School Size Large, Medium, or Small. Which is best? Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER)

Single Sex Schools Behavior Attendance Gender Stereotypes Thurgood Marshall Elementary School in Seattle, Washington Attendance Results of a 5yr experiment at an inner-city high school in Montreal Gender Stereotypes

Co-education Schools What four high school teachers said. What does this mean?

Co-education Schools Life Skills Finance Social Skills Relationships Funding of schools

CBS Video http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=1090944n&tag=mncol;lst;1 Thoughts? Is single-sex education the wave of the future or a return to the past?