Theory of Tourism (TM101)

WORLD, NATIONAL, REGIONAL, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS Lecture 4

The complex organization of tourism involves literally thousands of units. This chapter focuses on some of the organizations that perform the planning, development, and promotion functions within destinations. All of these functions must be carried out with a high degree of cooperative interaction between the public and private sectors at all levels of the destination hierarchy. Introduction

Geographical classification of the world (The world is divided into nations, regions, states, provinces, and urban centers). Tourism organizations can also be classified by ownership such as government or private, and by function or type of activity such as : * Regulators* Suppliers * Marketers* Developers * Researchers* Trade organizations * Consumer organizations Classification of the Organizations

And can be classified by industry, such as: Transportations Travel agents Wholesalers Lodging Attractions And can be classified by profit or non profit Classification of the Organizations (Continued)

1. World Tourism Organization (WTO) 2. World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) 3. International Air Transport Association (IATA) 4. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) International Organizations:

WTO is a specialized agency of the United Nations with its headquarters in Madrid. It serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of tourism know-how. World Tourism Organization (WTO) 7

Its membership includes 145 countries and territories and more than 350 affiliate members representing 1. local government, 2. Tourism associations 3. Educational institutions 4. Private-sector companies including: airlines, hotels, and tour operators. World Tourism Organization (WTO) (Continued) 8

WTO is vested by the UN with a central and decisive role in the development of responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism with the aim of contributing to economic development, international understanding, peace, prosperity, and universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms. In pursuing this aim, WTO pays particular attention to the interests of the developing countries in the field of tourism. World Tourism Organization (WTO) (Continued) 9

WTO is engaged in many global activities: The transfer of tourism know-how to developing countries is a major task. WTO is well known for its statistics and market research. WTO projects are based on the policy of sustainability, ensuring that the economic benefits of tourism development are not equalize by damage to the environment or to local cultures Human resource development is another WTO goal World Tourism Organization (WTO) (Continued) 10

WTO sets standards for tourism education, training, research and accreditation for tourism programs. WTO attempts to facilitate world travel through elimination or reduction of governmental requirements for passports, visas, and so forth (trade liberalization). WTO improve the promotional efforts of member governments through effective media relations and international tourism information. World Tourism Organization (WTO) (Continued) 11

WTTC is the only body representing the private sector in all parts of the industry worldwide. Established in 1990, WTTC is led by a nineteen member executive committee and a small staff based in London which meets twice a year and reports to an annual meeting of all members. World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) 12

Is the forum for global business leaders in travel and tourism. It is comprised of the presidents, chairs, and chief executive officers of 100 of the world's foremost companies. These include accommodation, catering, cruises, entertainment, recreation, transportation, and travel-related services. World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (Continued) 13

The mission of the council is: To raise awareness of the economic and social contribution of travel and tourism. To work with governments on policies that unlock the industry's potential to create jobs and generate prosperity. World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (Continued) 14

Their vision of travel and tourism: 1. match the needs of national economies, local and regional authorities and local communities with those of business 2. Governments recognizing travel and tourism as a top priority; 3. Business balancing economics with people, culture, and the environment 4. A shared pursuit of long-term growth and prosperity. World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (Continued) 15

The activities of the council can be summarized under three broad themes: 1. Global Activities: WTTC addresses challenges and opportunities that affect all sectors of the global travel and tourism industry. 2. Regional Initiatives. Working with governments, local leaders, and WTTC global members with a regional presence, to identify and eliminate barriers to growth. World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (Continued) 16

3. Economic Research: Undertake extensive research to determine travel and tourism's total size and contribution to world, regional, and national economies. The WTTC forecast is the primary vehicle used to convey the message that tourism is the world's largest industry, that it can create jobs and increase gross domestic product (GDP). World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (Continued) 17

Is the global organization for all the international air carriers. IATA head office is in Montreal; its executive office is in Geneva, Switzerland; and it has regional offices around the world. The principal function of (IATA) is to safely facilitates the movement of persons and goods from any point on the world air network to any other combination of routes. International Air Transport Association (IATA) 18

This can be accomplished by a single ticket bought at a single price in one currency and valid everywhere for the same amount and quality of service. The same principles apply to the movement of cargo and mail. IATA coordinate and unify handling and accounting procedures to permit rapid interline bookings and connections. International Air Transport Association (IATA) (Continued) 19

They also create and maintain a stable pattern of international fares and rates. (Official Airlines Guide “OAG”) In effect, they permit the linking of many individual international airline routes into a single public service system (Global Distributive System “GDS” eg; Amadeus) (Computer Reservation System “CRS”) International Air Transport Association (IATA) (Continued) 20

Its mission is to represent and serve the world airline industry interested in the smooth operation of the world air transport system: (1) Airlines (2) The public (3) Governments (4) suppliers and travel and cargo agents. International Air Transport Association (IATA) (Continued) 21

(IATA) is a valuable information source on the world airline industry. Makes passenger and cargo forecasts. Their market research helps the industry develop its strategic and tactical marketing plans. (IATA) works closely with the International Civil Aviation Organization International Air Transport Association (IATA) (Continued) 22

ICAO Is an organization of governments joined to promote civil aviation on a worldwide scale with headquarters in Montréal. ICAO a specialized agency of the United Nations, was created with the signing in Chicago, on 7 December 1944, of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (also Known as Chicago convention). Has adopted a plan, "Guiding Civil Aviation into the 21 st Century," to deal more effectively with challenges facing civil aviation, particularly in the area of flight safety. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 23

Regional Offices: Bangkok, Thailand: Asia and Pacific (APAC) Cairo, Egypt: Middle East (MID) Dakar, Senegal: Western and Central Africa (WACAF) Nairobi, Kenya: Eastern and Southern Africa (ESAF) Paris, France: Europe and North Atlantic (EUR/NAT) Lima, Peru: South America Mexico, Mexico: North America, Central America and Caribbean (NAAC) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (Continued) 24

The aims and objectives of ICAO, so as to: insure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout the world; encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for peaceful purposes; encourage the development of airways, airports and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation; International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (Continued) 25

meet the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport; prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition; promote safety of flight in international air navigation; promote generally the development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (Continued) 26

1st Freedom: The freedom to over fly another country without landing. 2nd Freedom: The freedom to land in another country for non-commercial purposes 3rd Freedom: The freedom to carry traffic from the country of aircraft registration to another country Freedoms of the Air

4th Freedom: The freedom to carry traffic from a foreign country to the country of aircraft registration. 5th Freedom: The freedom to pick up traffic between two foreign countries. (Continued) Freedoms of the Air (Continued)

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