August 18th 1. What was most important during the Middle Age? RELIGION 2. What marks the beginning of the E.M.E (Early Modern Era)? THE RENAISSANCE 3. What was the result of state building in the late 1400s? THE CREATION OF INDEPENDENT MONARCHIES

1. On the index card provided, draw a circle in the middle. 2. Write 12, 3, 6, and 9 in the location they would be on a clock

CHAPTER 5, SECTION 1 The Italian Renaissance

THINK-PAIR-SHARE What does it mean to you to be an individual? How can someone strengthen and uphold their individuality?

“In the Middle Ages both sides of human consciousness lay dreaming or half awake beneath a common veil. The veil was woven of faith, illusion and childish prepossession, through which the world was seen. Man was conscious of himself only as a member of a race, people, party, family or corporation – only through some general category. In Italy this veil first melted into air…” The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, 1860

The Italian Renaissance “Rebirth” of ancient Greek and Romans , began in Italy Spread to the rest of Europe

GIST Read first paragraph on page 157 and write a 20 word (or less) summary of the information.

Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance

Characteristics of Italian Renaissance 1. Urban society – city states became political, economic, and social centers 2. Secular – worldly viewpoint and increasing wealth created opportunity for material things 3. Recovery from the problems of 14 th c. – plagues and instability of the Middle Ages 4. A new view of humans that emphasized individual ability and worth. Well rounded, universal person. (Leonardo da Vinci) 5. Rebirth of interest in ancient culture – art the celebrated human body, classics, religious and secular themes.

Leonardo da Vinci Painter, sculptor, architect, inventor and mathematician

Italian City-States Italy failed to develop a centralized state during the Middle Ages Lack of a single strong ruler led to a number of independent city-states in northern and central Italy. Milan, Venice, and Florence played crucial roles in Italian politics. Prospered from trade with Byzantine, Islamic, and Mediterranean civilizations, merchants in England and the Netherlands. In eastern ports – silks, sugar, spices

Italian City-States Page

The Italian Wars The growth of these city - states eventually brought trouble. Charles VIII of France was attracted to Italy’s riches Army of 30,000 men into Italy in 1494 He occupied Naples in the South Northern Italian states asked Spain to help For the next 30 years, Spain and France fought in Italy to dominate the country.

Charles VIII of France

The Italian Wars Turning point: In 1527 thousands of Spanish troops along with mercenaries from different countries arrived at Rome. The soldiers demanded pay: “Money! Money!” “If you have ever dreamed of pillaging a town and laying hold of its treasures, here now is one, the richest of them all, queen of the world.” Bloodshed, looting, church officials sold as slaves, churches and palaces destroyed. The sack of Rome ended the wars – Spain dominant

Machiavelli and politics Niccolo Machiavelli’s - The Prince, 1532 Concerns how to acquire and keep political power Rejection of Christian principles. Understanding of human nature – self centered “One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit.”

Think! Should political leaders adhere (stick) to basic moral principles when pursuing the state’s affairs or just look out for the state’s interests?

Family and Marriage Family bond was a source of security Arranged marriages to strengthen business or family ties 2-3 years old Most important aspect – dowry

Family and Marriage The father-husband was center  Finances  Made decisions that determined the children’s lives Mother – supervise household Father had authority over children until her died or formally freed them Adulthood in Renaissance Italy was not until a father went in front of a judge and freed  Early teens-late twenties